594 EXPEEIMENT STATIOIsr RECORD. 



are discussed and the results reported of tests of the efficiency of different types 

 of vacuum cleaning apparatus under controlled conditions. Some general fac- 

 tors which should determine the choice of renovators for various purposes are 

 given. 



ETJEAL ECONOMICS. 



Modern agriculture, D. Zolla {U AgriaiJturc Moderne. Paris, 1913. pp. 327, 

 flgs. 10). — This volume points out and discusses the various factors or agencies 

 of production, showing the field of each and to what extent they have changed 

 in relative importance within the last few years. Illustrations are given show- 

 ing in a general way the economy of farm machinery in production ; the effect 

 of different systems of culture and types of farming brought about by scien- 

 tific discoveries, drainage, and irrigation ; the economic relation of live stock 

 to production; the growth in agricultural credit and insurance associations; 

 the effect of rural depopulation ; the relation of advancing prices to agricul 

 tural production ; etc. 



Hural economy as a factor in the success of the church, T. N. Carvkk (Dept. 

 Sor. and Pith. Herv. [Amer. Unitarian Assoc.]. Soc. Serv. Bui. 8, pp. 20). — The 

 author discusses in this bulletin a number of factors entering into the success 

 of the rural church, formulating as a general law of rural economy that the 

 productive land in any farming community will tend to pass more and more 

 into the hands of those who can cultivate it most efficiently, that is, men who 

 can make the land produce the most will be able to pay the most for it and in 

 the end will get it and hold it. The author concludes that the future of the 

 rural church will therefore be governed largely by the Christians becoming as a 

 rule better farmers than non-Christians. 



Agriculture, banking, and the carrier, H. Elliott {Minneapolis, Minn.. 

 1913, pp. 19). — This is an address delivered before the American Institute of 

 Banking in Minneapolis, Minn., April 26, 1913, in which the author shows by 

 notes and statistics the effect of agriculture, banking, and the carrier upon the 

 growth and prosperity of a number of northwestern States. 



The relation between railroad rates and the cost of products to the con- 

 sumer, F. S. Welsh {'N. Y. Dept. Agr. Bui. So, 1912, pp. 931-93//).— This article 

 discusses and gives a number of concrete examples showing prices received by 

 producers of farm products in various sections of New York State, the prices 

 paid for the same products in New York City, and the freight charges or cost 

 of transportation from producer to consumer. It is pointed out that the differ- 

 ence in average price received by the New York farmer for pork in 1912 and 

 that paid by the consumer was about 400 per cent, and that the transportation 

 coDipany received 1.25 per cent of the advance in price. It is noted further 

 that the amount received by the railroad for transporting a number of com- 

 modities named a distance of approximately 300 miles was less than 3.5 per 

 cent of the advance in price over what the farmer receives, averaging about 

 1.5 per cent of the final cost of the article. 



To develop small farms (Manfrs: Rec, 63 {1913), No. 26, p. 7(?).— This 

 article discusses in a limited way the plan adopted by the agricultural depart- 

 ment of the Central of Georgia Railway in cooperation with the landowners at 

 Albany, Ga., to subdivide 4,000 acres of land into small farms and develop, and 

 soil them at appraised prices on easy terms. 



Industrial cooperation, edited by Catherine Webb {Manchester, England, 

 1912, 5. ed., rev., pp. XXII+287, pis. 5, figs. 6).— This volume is expressly 

 designed for use as a text-book, giving a comprehensive account of the history, 

 theory, and practice of the cooperative movement in Great Britain and Ireland. 

 Charts are given showing growth, production, and cooperative wholesale and 



