584 EXPEEIMENT STATION RECOED. 



thermal reaction showed positive in 71.4 and questionable in 7.1 per cent ; and 

 the intracutaneous positive in 76.7, and questionable or negative in 23.3 per 

 cent. 



Protective vaccination tests against tuberculosis according to Klimmer's 

 method, T. Kjrautstrunk (Ztschr. Infekiionskrank. u. Hycj. Haiistiere, 10 

 (1911), No. 4, pp. 274-2S7; ahs. in Centbl. Bakt. [etc.], 1. AM, Rcf., 52 (1912), 

 No. 1-2, p. 7/5).— Of 4 bovines, vphich did not react toward tuberculin when 

 treated intravenously with 1.2 mg. of bovine tubercle bacilli, 2 were given 

 Klimmer's antiphymatol and 2 were kept as controls. The controls died, while 

 the animals vaccinated with antiphymatol showed on autopsy widely dis- 

 seminated tubercular lesions. The results of the vaccination could not be 

 considered an immunity, but simply an increased resistance toward the disease. 

 Two other animals were treated by Klimmer's method, and with 2 nonreacting 

 animals placed in an inclosure for 69 days with a cov*^ having open tuberculosis'. 

 On slaughtering the animals no appreciable difference in the pathologic process 

 was noted between the animals vaccinated and those not vaccinated. 



Some remarks in reg'ard to the protective vaccination tests of Krautstrunk, 

 M. Klimmer (Ztschr. Infekiionskrank. u. Hyg. Haustiere, 10 (1911), No. 4, pp. 

 375-S79; abs. in Centbl. Bakt. [etc.], 1. Abt., Ref., 52 (1912), No. 1-2, p. J/5).— 

 A short critical discussion of the findings noted in the abstract above. 



The transmission of anaplasmosis by means of ticks, A. Theiler (Ztschr. 

 Infektionskrank. v. Hyg. Haustiere, 12 (1912), No. 2, pp. 105-116; abs. in Trap. 

 Vet. Bui., 1 (1913), No. 2, pp. 6//-6i»).— " Five imported English animals and 

 one stall-born Africander calf were used for the experimental transmission of 

 Anaplasma by means of ticks. All the animals were susceptible to the disease. 

 Two of the English animals were immune to redwater, the immunity having 

 been conferred experimentally before exportation. 



"Anaplasmosis was transmitted in every case. In the first experiment both 

 anaplasmosis and babesiasis were transmitted by means of larval blue ticks 

 derived from females engorged on animals immune to redwater and anaplasmosis. 

 In the second experiment the ticks transmitted anaplasmosis to animals immune 

 to redwater. In the third experiment the ticks used were originally obtained 

 from horses, and were proved to be entirely free from infection. These ticks 

 were infected by placing them on an animal which had passed through anaplas- 

 mosis and mutans babesiasis. Only the Anaplasma infection was transmitted, as 

 shown by subsequent inoculations of the English animals with blood. In the 

 fourth experiment it was incidentally proved that the larv;^ of Rhipicephalus 

 simus are capable of transmitting a pure Anaplasma infection. All the animals 

 which passed through an attack of pure anaplasmosis remained susceptible to 

 infection with Babesia bigemina. 



"It must be con.sidered as proved that Anaplasma can be transmitted by 

 means of ticks either by itself or together with B. bigemina and Spirochceta 

 theileri. This proves that anaplasmosis and babesiasis are independent condi- 

 tions. Reference must be made to the comparatively long period of incubation 

 after tick infestation. Full use was made of this fact in the protective 

 inoculation against anaplasmosis (A. marginale ccntrale against A. marginale 

 infection)." 



Further observations reg-arding- the transmission of East Coast fever by 

 means of ticks, A. Theiler (Ztschr. Infektionskrank. u. Hyg. Haustiere, 12 

 (1912), No. 1, pp. 26-1,2; abs. in Trop. Vet. Bui., 1 (1913), No. 2, pp. 71-76).— 

 " Brown adults which were infected as larvae, and which transmitted the disease 

 as nymphs, are not infective for susceptible animals. Three different broods 

 of ticks were used. In the nymph stage they transmitted the disease to 8 ani- 

 mals, but in the adult stage failed to transmit it to 2 susceptible animals. 



