VETEBINAKY MEDICINE. 79 



and. 3 wliich reacted were removed from the herd. The next test was made 1 

 year later, iu the fall of 1909, when there were 78 females in the herd. Sixty- 

 seven were tested and 4 reacted. In the spring of 1910 there were 72 females ; 

 57 were tested and 1 reacted. In the fall of 1910 there were 77 females; 72 

 were tested, and none reacted. The following spring (1911) there were 88 fe- 

 males; of 70 tested 1 reacted but showed no evidence of tuberculosis when 

 slaughtered, although a careful examination was made. In the fall of 1911 

 there were 96 females, 90 of which were tested, resulting in 1 reaction. The last 

 test was made in March, 1912, at which time there were 95 females in the herd : 

 81 were tested, and 4 reacted. Despite the great loss, and with the addition of 

 a few calves from the experimental herd, the number of females increased from 

 55 in 1907 to 91 clean females in March, 1912. During this time, 19 females 

 were added to the herd by purchase and 32 nonreactors were sold. . . . 



" Once a herd of mature animals becomes badly diseased, it is i)robably best 

 to consider the entire herd affected and treat it accordingly. In the breeding 

 herd 170 different females have been tested, and 50, or about 30 per cent, 

 reacted. . . . 



" [With reference to the] bulls, between May, 1906, and December, 1911. r» 

 mature bulls and 32 young ones, ranging in age from 6 months to 2 years, were 

 tested, and 3 reacted. . . . Only 1 young bull reacted. With other calves, he 

 was fed on milk from the quarantined herd. The milk was supposed to have 

 been sterilized before feeding, but this may not always have been perfectly 

 done." 



Figures are presented which show the approximate ^•alue of 19 pure-bred 

 reacting cows which were quarantined iu 1908 and 4 others which were added 

 jater before becoming tuberciilar; the tests made; the findings on post-mortem; 

 and the receipts for the value of the carcass, milk, and progeny. " The quar- 

 antined herd was kept in existence for about 2 years at a cost of $60 per head 

 per year, or a total cost of about $2,700 for the 2 years. The gross returns 

 during that time were approximately $4,4.30, making a net return of $1,736. 

 It is probable, however, that the cost under these conditions was greater than 

 it would be in an ordinary herd." 



Data are given which show the possibility of obtaining clean calves from 

 infected dams. 



" Between June. 1906, and 1910, 41 cows were purchased for experimental 

 purposes without being previously tested. Twenty-two of these, or over 50 jjer 

 cent, reacted. In 1 group of 14 cows selected from 7 herds in the northern part 

 of Illinois, all but 1 proved to be tuberculous. All the 41 except 8 came from 

 the northern part of the State, and most of them originally from Wisconsin." 

 The results show the existence of the disease in the dairy sections of the coun- 

 try, and the channels through which it is spreading. 



From May, 1906, to March 31, 1912, 90 animals were slaughtered. Of these, 

 75 were reactors, and of the reactors 60 were shown to be tuberculous, 4 were 

 doubtful, and 11 were apparently free from the disease. Of the 4 which were 

 doubtful, 2 had diseased udders and 1 was affected with chronic scours. Of the 

 15 nonreactors (among which there were 2 animals which were not tested and 

 2 which gave doubtful reactions) 10 were found sound on slaughter. 



Preceding the above material is a discussion of the nature of the disease, the 

 symptoms, the tuberculin test, its accuracy, vaccination against tuberculosis, 

 and methods of handling diseased animals. The text of a bill introduced into 

 the Illinois legislature in 1909 providing state aid is appended. 



Tuberculosis in cattle and hog's, C. M. Haking (Califoniia Sta. Circ. 90, 

 PP- 4)- — A popular account, showing the enormous losses sustained from bovine 



