78 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



exposed in the same way were killed in from 1 to 4 minutes. When exposed to 

 desiccation in a dark, well-ventilated place, the nonspore-beariug organisms and 

 the vegetative cells of spore-bearing organisms died in from 1 to 4 days; spores 

 of Bac-lUus suMUis and B. vnlf/atus used as controls were not killed in 35 days; 

 the human and bovine type of tubercle bacilli exposed at the same time and 

 under the same conditions were dead within 4 and S days, respectively. 



" Pure cultures of bovine tubercle bacilli mixed in cow manure and exposed 

 in a 2-in. layer in a pasture field in the sunshine remained alive and virulent 

 for 2 months. As would be expected, these germs exposed in cow manure re- 

 tained their virulence longer in the shade than in the sunshine, as shown both 

 by the greater severity of the disease produced in the guinea pigs inoculated 

 with the germs exposed in the shade than that produced in the guinea pigs 

 inoculated on the same day with the germs exposed in the sunshine, and by the 

 greater length of time that the guinea pigs, which were inoculated with the 

 germs exposed in the sunshine, remained alive. Tubercle bacilli in the manure 

 of a naturally infected cow, exposed in the same manner as the artificially in- 

 fected manure, were dead within 2 weeks after exposure. 



" Tubercle bacilli in garden soil and in a dead tuberculous guinea pig, buried 

 in garden soil, were alive on the two hundred and thirteenth and the seventy- 

 first days, respectively, and dead on the two hundred and thirtieth and ninety- 

 ninth days, after first exposed. Tubercle bacilli live for more than a year in 

 running water. A watering ti'ough harboring these germs may be a dangerous 

 source of infection to cattle. The better disposition of dead tuberculous ani- 

 mals is to destroy by burning. Tubercle bacilli in drinking water is one of the 

 possible sources of infection for man. Infection is not prevented by dilution, 

 since clumps containing a great number of these organisms may be inclosed in 

 mucoid material which prevents their separation and destruction. 



" Tubercle bacilli in market butter placed in cold storage live for more than 

 10 months, which is a longer time than such butter is usually kept in storage." 



This is followed by a general discussion which points out the relation the 

 results have to tuberculosis in man, cattle, and hogs. 



A bibliography embracing 160 titles is included. 



Fate of tubercle bacilli outside the animal body, C. F. Briscoe (Cream, 

 and Milk Plant Mo., 1 (1913), A'o. 7, pp. Jfi-i 3). —Adequately noted above. 



Tuberculosis in the university dairy herd, C. C. Hayden (Illinois Sta. Bui. 

 162, pp. SlO-'fOl, figs. 17). — In the spring of 1906 a grade cow, belonging to the 

 herd, was found tubercular. A test was therefore made of 34 of the 44 animals 

 and 13 reactors found among them. Five of the 13 reactors were slaughtered 

 and post-mortems showed in every instance a nongeneralized tuberculosis. The 

 other 8 animals were kept in the herd for a time and then slaughtered. 



The remaining untested cows and a part of those previously reacting, 15 in all, 

 were tested in December, 1906; 10 reacted, 5 of which had previously reacted. 

 Seven of the reactors were slaughtered at this time. 



" In June, 1907, the herd consisted of 55 females, including calves ; 5 which 

 were suspicious or had reacted were tested at this time; 2 of these reacted. 

 The next test was made in May, 1908. There were then 67 females in the entire 

 breeding herd. Fifty of these, or practically all that were considered old 

 enough were tested. Of the 50 tested, 26, or 52 per cent, reacted and were 

 removed from the herd. Among the reactors were some of the best cows in the 

 herd. These, with a few others, were placed in quarantine to secure their 

 progeny and for experimental purposes. The others were slaughtered. 



" The next test was made in the fall of 1908. There were at that time 56 fe- 

 males in the herd, including 7 purchased ; 36 which were old enough were tested, 



