SOILS— -3FEETILIZERS. 17 



Lounsbury; Clarksburg area. W. Va., by C. N. Mooney and W. J. Latimer; 

 Point Pl^saut area, W. Va., by W. J. Latimer and C. N. Mooney : Bayfield area, 

 Wis., by G. B. Maynadier, W. J. Geib, L. Schoenmann, and F. L. Musback ; Iowa 

 County, Wis., by C. Lounsbury, T. J. Dunnewald, and E. Truog; Waukesha 

 County, Wis., by W. J. Geib. P. O. Wood, G. B. Jones, and A. H. Meyer; Cnpe 

 Girardeau County. Mo., by H. Krusekopf and H. G. Lewis ; Jackson County, 

 Mo., by A. T. Sweet, H. Krusekopf, and J. E. Dunn; Marion County, Mo., by 

 J. C. Britton and E. S. Vauatta ; Pemiscot County, Mo., by A. T. Sweet, C. J. 

 Mann, H. Krusekopf. E. S. Vanatta, and H. G. Lewis; reconnoissance soil sur- 

 vey of western Kansas, by G. N. Coffey, T. D. Rice, et al. ; Uncompahgre Valley 

 area, Colo., by J. W. Nelson and L. A. Kolbe ; reconnoissance soil survey of tbe 

 western part of the Puget Sound Basin, Wash., by A. W. Mangum et al. ; Red 

 Bluff area, Cal., by L. C. Holmes and E. C. Eekmann ; Livermore area, Cal., by 

 H. Jj. Westover and C. Van Duyne; Madera area, Cal., by A. T. Strahorn, H. L. 

 Weslover, L. C. Holmes, E. C. Eekmann, J. W. Nelson, and C. Van Duyne. 



During the calendar year 1910, 18,528 square miles, or 11,857,920 acres, were 

 surveyed and mapped in detail on a scale of 1 in. to the mile, making the total 

 area surveyed and mapped up to the end of that year 214,503 square miles, or 

 137,281.920 acres. 



In addition to the detailed surveys, there were conducted in 1910 reconnois- 

 sance surveys in Pennsylvania, Texas, Kansas, and Washington, covering a 

 total area of 81,624 square miles, or 52,239,360 acres. 



[Porto Rico soils], F. W. Zerban (Porto Rico Sugar Producers' Sta. Rpt. 

 1912, pp. 29-35).— A brief summary is given of studies of the physical and 

 chemical characteristics of the more common cane, salt marsh, and alkali soils 

 of Poi'to Rico. 



The fertile alluvial cane soils of the north coast, which have been under cul- 

 tivation for 300 years and still give notable returns, vary from sandy to clayey 

 loams containing from 1.07 to 2.56. with an average of 1.59, per cent of lime; 

 1.68 to 2.05, with an average of 1.92, per cent of magnesia; 0.3 to 0.42, with an 

 average of 0.36. per cent of potash; 0.15 to 0.18, with an average of 0.17, per 

 cent of phosphoric acid; and 0.18 to 0.63, with an average of 0.31, per cent 

 of nitrogen. The cane soils of the northeast and east of the island are stiff 

 clays of little depth and poorer in fertilizing constituents than the north 

 coast soils, containing only half the amount of phosphoric acid and two- 

 thirds the amount of nitrogen. Potash, lime, and magnesia are also lower 

 than in the north coast soils. The west coast soils vary from sandy loam to 

 clay loam and are still poorer in plant food than the northeast and east soils. 

 The south coast soils are generally deep and of good mechanical condition. 

 They are also generally rich in lime, magnesia, and potash, contain a fair per- 

 centage of nitrogen, but are rather low in phosphoric acid. With the possible 

 exception of phosphoric acid, all of the cane soils examined probably contain 

 sufficient plant food for productive crops. 



There are found, especially along the north coast, considerable areas of salt 

 marsh soils which have been partly drained. These soils consist principally 

 of an upper layer, largely composed of organic matter, underlain by limestone. 

 The surface material contains only from 10 to 15 per cent of mineral matter, of 

 which from 3 to 6 per cent is lime. It contains 2 per cent of nitrogen, about 

 0.05 per cent of phosphoric acid, and from 0.1 to 0.2 per cent of potash. The 

 drainage waters from these lands contain large amounts of soluble salts, espe- 

 cially sodium chlorid. On the dry south side of the island are found stretches 

 of land which are unproductive as a result of the presence of excessive amounts 

 of soluble salts (alkali). These soluble salts usually consist of mixtures of 



