METEOROLOGY WATER. 617 



the uatnral storage afforded by the numerous lakes and swamps and by the 

 deep deposits of glacial sand and gravel, although climatic conditions are 

 slightly less favorable. 



Chemical and biological survey of the waters of Illinois ( Univ. III. Bui., 9 

 iJ912), No. 20, pp. ns, figs. 19). — This contains a brief general report concern- 

 ing water survey bills, the reorganization of the state water survey, and the 

 work of the laboratory and engineering divisions, reports of the Illinois Society 

 of Engineers and Surveyors, sanitary district of Chicago, Lake Michigan Water 

 Commission, Illinois Water Supply Association, and Rivers and Lakes Com- 

 mission, and the following special articles: Composition of insoluble gases 

 formed by the decomposition of organic matter, opinions relative to principles 

 governing stream pollution, determination of ammonia nitrogen in water, extent 

 and composition of the incrustation on some filter sands, composition of sediment 

 found in water from deep drift wells, sanitary survey of the Lake Michigan 

 watershed in Illinois, experiments in the removal of iron from the water supply 

 of the University of Illinois, removal of iron from a drift well water, typhoid 

 fever epidemic at Rock Island, sanitary survey of the Vermilion River, report 

 on the pollution of the Fox River at Geneva, and sanitai-y survey of the Fox 

 River Valley. 



The mineral content of Illinois waters, E. Babtow, J. A. Udden, S. W. Pabb, 

 and G. T. Palmeb (III. Geol. Survey Bui. 10, 1909, pp. VIII+192, figs. 10).— 

 This is a preliminaiy report " designed to place in the hands of the citizens of 

 the State accurate analyses of water from the different geological horizons and 

 geographical districts." Following the geological classifications of the water 

 of the State is a classification of mineral water according to physical and 

 chemical properties. 



Brief notes are given on boiler waters as regards scale formation, foaming, 

 and corrosion, and on the medicinal springs of the State. It is stated that in 

 general the waters of Illinois may be divided into two classes, containing either 

 sodium carbonate or magnesium sulphate. The large majority of the waters 

 are alkaline and analyses of many of them also indicate the possibility of cor- 

 rosion when used in boilers. 



Numerous tablea of analyses are given. 



The utilization of sewag'e, G. A. Sopeb (Jour. Indus, and Engin. Chem., 5 

 {1913), No. 10, pp. 860, S6i).— This is a veiy brief discussion of the relative 

 advantages of applying sewage directly to the land without treatment and of 

 the extraction of the utilizable ingredients by means of mechanical devices. 



Direct application of the sewage to the land is not considered a satisfactory 

 method of disposal. " Sewage farming does not afford a satisfactory method 

 of utilizing the useful ingredients of sewage, except under unusual circum- 

 stances, as, for example, where the contained water is needed for the crops. 



" With respect to the extraction of the useful ingredients nothing favorable 

 can be said. There are no works in the world which deal with sewage of average 

 quality from which all or nearly all the theoretically useful ingredients are 

 extracted without costing more money than they are worth." 



Sewag'e purification at Atlanta, Ga. (Municipal Engin., Jf5 (1913), No. S. 

 pp. 224-230, figs. 5). — This article summarizes the results of a six months' 

 test of Imhoff tanks, dealing especially with the effectiveness of the purifi- 

 cation and character of the sludge produced. Analyses are given of the sewage, 

 effluent, and sludge. The nitrogen, which is the principal fertilizing constitu- 

 ent of the sludge, varied from 1.16 to 1.44 per cent. 



