VETERINAEY MEDICINE. 681 



munity against this disease. Its application in places like Algiers, where sheep 

 pox is enzootic, has shown very satisfactory results. 



Sensitized vaccines. — Vaccination against sheep pox without pustulation 

 by the use of sensitized pustules, L. Panisset (Rev. G6n. M6d. V6t., 19 (1912), 

 No. 222, pp. S18-S22; o&s. in Centbl. Balct. [etc.], 1. Aht., Ref.,53 (1912), No. 18, 

 p. 572). — The author maintains that the value of Bridre and Boquet's method 

 for immunizing against sheep pox with sensitized virus should be reinvesti- 

 gated. He utilizes the edematous fluid from the pustules, which is strongly 

 centrifuged, and the sediment obtained is mixed with the sera from immunized 

 sheep and exposed for 3 days to a temperature varying from 15 to 18° C. The 

 sediment is then collected with the aid of the centrifuge and mixed with a 

 sodium chlorid solution in a dilution of 1 : 100. After centrifuging off the larger 

 particles this susi>ension is used as the vaccine in doses of 0.25 cc. for each 

 sheep. 



The advantage of this method over the active immunization process is that no 

 vaccination pustules develop and the immunity sets in 24 hours after vac- 

 cination. 



Poliomyelitis in sheep suffering from '' loupin' ill," J. P. McGowan and 

 T. Eettie (Jour. Path, and Bad., IS (1913), No. 1, pp. 47-51, pi. i).— It is 

 pointed out that the term "loupin' ill" or "trembling" is used popularly to 

 designate a single disease of sheep in Scotland, but in reality covers several 

 different diseases, including one which for ease of discussion the authors term, 

 poliomyelitis. In the districts and in the seasons in which they studied " loupin' 

 ill " they found that the term, in at least 95 per cent of the cases in lambs, 

 signified navel and joint ill. " The disease which we designate as poliomyelitis 

 of the sheep has a prodromal stage in which the animal exhibits the symptoms 

 associated with the febrile state. The temperature of the animal is raised ; it 

 does not feed ; it separates from the flock ; it hangs about, mopes, and is list- 

 less, is constipated, and has usually signs of slight respiratory catarrh, exhib- 

 ited chiefly by slight running at the nose. ... As regards the pathology of this 

 condition, we believe it to be a general disease of the whole body, a particular 

 seat of election for the action of the virus being the central nervous system. In 

 our view, it closely corresponds in its clinical symptoms and pathological 

 anatomy with acute poliomyelitis in man." 



Cultures on blood agar from the cerebro-spinal fluid of a number of acute and 

 chronic cases alike gave negative results, as did inoculation experiments. 



Studies on the virus of hog- cholera, W. E. King, F. W. Baesi.ack, and G. L. 

 Hoffmann (Jour. Infect. Diseases, 12 (1913), No. 2, pp. 206-235, figs. 33). — 

 This is a continuation of the preliminary work previously reported (E. S. R., 

 28, p. 381) in which the results obtained by von Betegh (E. S. R.. 28, p. 381) 

 are questioned. Balfour has pointed out that in normal blood there often 

 occur dumb bell, chain, droplet, or flexible filament-like bodies which can be 

 easily mistaken for spirochetes by the untrained observer. 



The results of this investigation showed that the blood of 48 normal hogs 

 was relatively free from granules, and where granules were found they were 

 traced to crushed leucocytes. " The examination of the blood of all hogs (40 

 animals) which were suffering from hog cholera revealed the presence of a 

 spirochete. All specimens of blood from these animals, during the height of 

 the disease, contained characteristic granules. Negative dark field findings 

 followed positive findings in the case of 6 hogs which recovered from the dis- 

 ease. The blood of 2 naturally immune hogs was free from spirochetes and 

 granules. 



" The spirochetes and granules have been observed in hogs infected with 12 

 different strains of virus, as follows: Buareau of Animal Industry, Michigan 



