EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 683 



RURAL ENGINEERING. 



Principles of irrigation engineering, F. H. Newell and D. W. Mubphy 

 {'Slew York and London, 191S, pp. XIII +293, pis. 16, figs. 52). — In this work, 

 primarily intended for students and engineers, it is attempted to treat in a 

 comprehensive manner the general principles involved in considering the feasi- 

 bility of, and in planning, constructing, and operating, irrigation systems. 

 Chapters are included on irrigation, irrigable lands, water supply, design and 

 construction of canals, canal structures, distribution systems, irrigation by 

 pumping, drainage, operation and maintenance, storage works, reservoir sites, 

 dam sites, timber dams, earth dams, rock-fill dams, masonry dams, outlet works, 

 water rights, and economic features of irrigation. 



Irrigation works in India, J. Benton (Jour. Roy. Soc. Arts, 61 {1913), 2Vo. 

 3160, pp. 717-754, figs. 10). — This paper reports the physical and financial con- 

 dition of irrigation works in India during the 25-year period ended with 1912, 

 including those works in operation and those under construction. Diagrams 

 and tables of data are given which show the results attained by the irrigation 

 works of each Province. 



A summary of the developments effected on the works, now in operation, 

 during the 24 years ended in 1911, shows that the percentages of advancements 

 during this period were as follows: On capital outlay, 55 per cent; irrigated 

 area, 68 per cent; net revenue, 123 per cent; return on capital outlay, 43 per 

 cent; and net profit, 200 per cent. After meeting all charges for maintaining 

 and operating the works the net profit which accrued to the government during 

 the 24-year period was £35,870,835 ($174,332,258), which it is stated more than 

 repaid the entire outlay on the works in oi>eration. 



Measurement of water, R. D. Kneale {Montana Sta. Circ. 24, PP- 75-133, 

 figs. i9).— This is a revision of Bulletin 72 of the station (B. S. R., 20. p. 388) 

 to which has been added a study of the measurement of water through sub- 

 merged orifices or conduits, for which formulas and tables of constants are 

 given. 



Artificial controls of stream gaging stations, C. R. Adams {Engin. Netvs, 

 69 {1913), No. 26, pp. 1308-1311, figs. 11).— In precise stream gaging work the 

 United States Geological Survey has introduced an innovation in gaging stations 

 for determining the fall of small streams in rough beds by constructing small 

 barriers of concrete or of rubble leveled off with cement mortar to provide 

 stable channel conditions. The results of experiments show that a particular 

 type of control is necessary for particular needs, but that standard ratings 

 for particular types are valuable. 



Three different types of stream controls are described, and rating curves are 

 given for each type and for a stream having natural control. From a comparison 

 the advantages of artificial control are enumerated as follows: (1) Fewer cur- 

 rent meter measurements are required for the initial rating. (2) The initial 

 rating is of increased accuracy. (3) The rating curve is permanent and not 

 subject to change from erosion or sedimentation. (4) Temporary inaccuracies, 

 due to back water or channel storage, are obviated. (5) Winter estimates of 

 flow can be made with precision. (6) Doubtful accuracy is avoided, the 

 station is easily inspected for any derangement, and greater latitude of station 

 location is possible. 



Report of progress of stream measurements for the calendar year 1911, 

 F. H. Peters and P. M, Satjder {Dept. Int. Canada, Sess. Paper No. 25d, 1913, 

 pp. V+311, pis. 43, figs. 2). — This report outlines the methods in present use 

 for obtaining and compiling data on drainage basins and gives a large amount 



