590 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



$318 22 represents the labor income per farm. This includes mipald family 

 labor and all tbe farm furnishes toward tlie family living except milk and 

 cream, but does not include income from outside sources, or the amount paid 

 for Live stock bought. 



It is pointed out that a large percentage of American farmers live on the 

 interest of their investment and do not receive anything for their own wages. 

 It is suggested that the average income of the farmer could be increased by 

 making "the farms larger. This would reduce the number of individuals en- 

 gaged in agricultural production but would not necessarily decrease produc- 

 tion, for thrs could be maintained and even increased by better farm organiza- 

 tion' and the utilization of larger machinery and more power on the farm. 



Cost of producing- farm crops, W. R. Porteb (North Dakota 8ta. Bui. 104, 

 pp. 59-m, fig. i).— This bulletin presents detailed data covering cost and eco- 

 nomics of production as recorded at the New Salem and Bathgate demonstra- 

 tion farms. 



The New Salem farm has had 5-year rotation, viz, corn, Fife wheat, oats or 

 winter rye, oats and peas, and macaroni wheat. The cost of production per 

 acre was as follows : Hard wheat $7.54 ; Macaroni wheat $8.26 ; oats $6.06 ; oats 

 ;:nd peas $8.50; corn $9.27; and winter rye (one year, 1912) $7.58. The net 

 profits were as follows: Hard wheat $6.31; macaroni wheat $6.86; oats $2.95; 

 oats and peas $1.73; corn $5.41; and winter rye $7.70. 



At Bathgate the rotation is clover or oats and peas; wheat; oats; corn; 

 wheat ; and barley, in which clover is seeded for the following year. The cost 

 of production per acre was as follows: Wheat $10.25; oats $10.94; oats and 

 peas $11.95 ; corn $11.12 ; barley $9.94 ; and clover $9.50. The net profits were 

 as follows: Wheat $8.64; oats $5.01; oats and peas $8.72; corn $7.38; barley 

 $3.82 ; and clover $23.75. 



The sugar industi-y, F. J. Sheridan (C7. 8. Dept. Com., Bur. Foreign and 

 Dam. Com., Misc. Ser., 1913, No. 9, pp. VII+]27).—This report is mainly a com- 

 pilation of data relating to the cost of production of sugar cane and its manu- 

 facture into sugar in Louisiana. 



The first part of the report deals with costs of agricultural production and 

 conditions; the second part with factories; and the third part with beet sugar 

 and statistical tables of all sugars. Detailed datti are given for the 3 years, 

 1909-1911, inclusive. For the year and season of 1911-12 data are selected 

 from 15 of the 23 parishes, which produce 97 per cent of the total cane tonnage 

 of the State, and detailed costs are taken from the books and records of estab- 

 lishments operating 56 plantations and 23 factories. The plantation costs 

 include for 1911 the cane tonnage of 49,923 acres, 29,092 acres in 1910, and 

 21,382 acres in 1909. The total cost in 1911 per acre harvested was $69.90, in 

 1910 $81.76, and in 1909 $79.78. 



In addition to direct-cost statistics, the report gives data relative to many 

 conditions in Louisiana cane sugar production as, for example, facts relating 

 to restorative crops, fertilizers, drainage, tenant systems, supply and eflicieney 

 of labor, contracts between grower and manufacturer, systems of delivery and 

 transportation, process of manufacture, etc. 



Cost accounting on farms, G. F. Wabben (N. Y. Dept. Agr. Bui. 35, 1912, 

 pp. 921-926).— In addition to a brief discussion of the cost of production and 

 cost accounting the author gives some results obtained in studies as to the cost 

 of a number of factors entering into agricultural production in New York State. 

 On the well-managed farms hired labor was found to cost from 18 to 22 

 ets. per hour; horse labor from 12 to 13 cts. per hour; and machineiy, includ- 

 ing original cost, repairs, interest on capital, buildings to house It, etc., about 



