ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 51 



fundus. The spore-bearing form of the fungus has been found on a number of 

 species of plants quite different from the ones containing Rhizoctonia. The 

 author has described the spore-bearing form as Hypochnus violaceus. The 

 form specialized upon carrots produces its Hypochnus stage on the stems of 

 Stellaria media, Myosotis arvensis, Galeopsis tetrahit, Erysimum cheiran- 

 thoidcs, Urtica dioica, and Sonchtis arvensis. 



For the control of the Rhizoctonia on carrots and beets, all infected plants 

 should be removed from the fields before planting, disinfection of seed should 

 be followed as far as possible, examination made of the stored roots during 

 the winter and all diseased ones destroyed, and long rotations, 4 years or more, 

 practiced, so that the ground will not be occupied by plants subject to attacks 

 of this fungus. The use of fresh fertilizers, particularly animal fertilizers, is 

 strongly condemned. 



♦A note on the possible occurrence of a bacterial disease of Hevea, E. 

 Bateson (Agr. Bui. Fed. Malay States, 1 {1913), No. 7, pp. 268-270).— In ex- 

 amining a number of diseased rubber trees a specimen was found which did 

 not seem to be infected with any of the common root or stem diseases. The 

 wood of this tree was discolored to a depth of about 1 in., the outer portions 

 being dark brown. The manager of the estate from which the tree was ob- 

 tained stated that the leaves on the lower branches died suddenly, as though 

 they had been scorched by fire. This condition spread rapidly, and within 

 three days all the leaves on the tree were dead. 



An examination of the tissues showed the presence of abundant bacteria 

 embedded in a mucilaginous substance. Cultures were readily made and experi- 

 ments carried out to determine whether the organism in question produced the 

 disease or not. Thus far the inoculation experiments have given negative 

 results, but the author does not consider this direct evidence that the death 

 of the tree was not due to bacteria. 



On Sphgerella macularis, G. B. Tbavebso (Atti Accad. Sci. Veneto-Trentino- 

 Istriana, 8. ser., 5 {1912), No. 1-2, pp. 14-23; abs. in Mycol. CentN., 2 {191S), 

 No. 2, p. 116). — The author states that a fungus growth on leaves of Populus 

 tremula, hitherto called S. macularis, is in reality composed of two fungi, which 

 are described under the names 8. tremuMcola and PhwospJicerella mAiciUaris. 



A witches' broom on sycamore maple, H. Solebedee {Sitzber. Phys. Med. 

 8oz. Erlangen, ^3 {1911), pp. 239, 240, fig. 1; abs. in Mycol. CentN., 2 {1913), 

 No. 2, p. 105). — The author reports the existence of a bushy witches' broom on 

 the main trunk of a maple {Acer pseudoplatanus) in Erlangen. Investigations 

 for several years have failed to show any fungus in casual association with the 

 growth. 



ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY— ENTOMOLOGY. 



Some Ohio birds, H. A. Gossakd and S. G. Harbt {OMo Sta. Bui. 250, pp. 

 78, pi. 1. figs. 18). — A discussion of the more important Ohio birds, particularly 

 as relates to their economic status. A list with notes on the occurrence of 100 

 birds in Wa3Tie County and in the State is appended, as is also a list of useful 

 publications on birds. 



The I/ewis woodpecker, a destroyer of almonds, H. C. Bryant {Mo. Bui. 

 Com. Hort. Cal., 1 {1912), No. 8, pp. 362-366, figs. 2).— The Lewis woodpecker 

 {Asyndcsmus lewisi), by nature a high mountain bird, is reported to have been 

 unusually abundant in the Capay Valley, Cal., and to have caused considerable 

 injury to almonds, one grower reporting a loss of 10 per cent of his crop. In 

 stomach examinations of 5 woodpeckers taken in an almond orchard at Guinda 

 over 65 per cent of the food eaten was made up of small pieces of almonds, with 



