178 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



The bacterial lipases resemble the lipases of mammalian tissues In so far as 

 their activity is inhibited by very small amounts of sodium chlorid. 



The so-called "Much granules" in tuberculosis, I. Van Giesen (Collected 

 Studies Research Lab. Dept. Health, City N. Y., 6 {1911), pp. 265, 266).— The 

 author believes that to Much's granules can not be attached the importance 

 which is usually attributed to them, but that the conversion of acid-fast types 

 of tubercle bacilli to nonacid-fast types has not been given due consideration. 



The vitality of tubercle bacilli proven by inoculation and inhalation, 

 P. Chaussie {Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. [Paris], 155 {1912), No. 9, pp. 486-1/89; 

 abs. in Ztschr. Immunitdtsf. u. Expt. Ther., II, Ref., 6 {1912), No. 6, pp. 631, 

 632). — In experiments made with human sputum and guinea pigs, much differ- 

 ence was noted in the virulency whether the tubercle bacillus was introduced 

 into the body by inhalation or by inoculation. In the case of inhalation the 

 virus was destroyed much quicker than when given by inoculation, if the 

 sputum was dried at high temperatures. 



It is furthermore pointed out that many organisms inhaled get into the lungs 

 and are destroyed much quicker by the phagocytes, especially if the virulence 

 of the organism is low. The bacteria inoculated at a given area render that area 

 a general focus of infection, and generally regulate the outbreak of an infection. 

 The length of time in which an organism is viable in dried sputum is sufficient 

 to consider sputum a dangerous element. 



Bovine tuberculosis, R. Bidart {Trab. J,. Cong. Cient. Santiago de Chile, 15 

 (1908-9), pp. 5-76, pis. 11). — This deals with the diffusion, symptoms, frequency 

 of the lesions, diagnosis, and prophylaxis of tuberculosis, with special reference 

 to the conditions in Argentina. The relation of tuberculosis in the bovine to 

 the disease in man is also considered. 



Etiology of laryngeal and tracheal tuberculosis in slaughtered animals 

 and their significance for meat inspection, E. Entress (Beitrag zur Aetiologie 

 der Larynx- tind Tracheatiiherkulose bei den Schlachttiercn und ihre Bedentung 

 fiir die Fleischbeschau. Inaug. Diss., Univ. Bern, 1911, pp. 28, pis. S). — The 

 author believes that tuberculosis of the larynx and trachea (abscesses and 

 timiors) occurs more frequently than is generally supposed. 



Clinical and bacteriological diagnosis of open pulmonary tuberculosis in 

 bovines, A. J. Winkel (Ueber die klinische und bakteriologische Diagnostik 

 der offenen Litngetituberkulose beim Rinde. Inaug. Diss., Univ. Bern, 1910, pp. 

 70). — For diagnosing this condition the following methods are recommended: 

 Ostertag's (noting the moist rales), Ostertag's modification, tracheotomy, and 

 the Neuhaus operation. For the more marked cases the usual clinical methods 

 can be applied, and, when necessary, the Roberts method (holding the nares 

 shut for a few moments, which will create dyspnea and irritate the mucous 

 membrane), and the method of forced movement (which increases respiration 

 and makes the rales more evident). The bacteriological examination and the 

 various tuberculin reactions are used as aids for diagnosing this condition. 



A contribution in regard to the reliability of the various tuberculin re- 

 actions, H. Tallgren (Skand. Vet. Tidskr., 2 (1912), No. 3, pp. 61-73; abs. in 



Ztschr. Immunitdtsf. u. Expt. Ther., II, Ref., 5 (1912), No. H, pp. 356, 357). 



This is a study of the value of the intracutaneous, subcutaneous, and ophthalmo 

 reactions with a herd consisting of 71 cattle. About 7 months before the tests 

 were made, all reacting cattle had been slaughtered and the barns thoroughly 

 disinfected. 



In these tests the subcutaneous reaction gave positive results in 16 cases and 

 6 atypical reactions, and the intracutaneous test gave 19 positive and 19 atyp- 

 ical reactions. Thirty-seven cases gave an ophthalmo reaction. In all 45 

 animals reacted when tested with one or the other reaction, but only 11 gave a 



