ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 759 



nearly half their growth. Their habits are much similar to those of the 

 common pyralid which appears some weeks later, that is to say they consume 

 the foliage of the vine and spin the leaves and young shoots with their webs. 

 In southern France they develop very rapidly, in 1912 the caterpillars received 

 at Montpellier from Camargue having pupated as early as April 20. The 

 caterpillars of the following generation, which develop during the summer, 

 feed upon the leaves and do not touch the berries, but may be the source of 

 injury through severing the peduncles. The caterpillars of another generation 

 partially develop in the autumn, hibernate, and emerge to attack the buds 

 in the early spring. Thus 2 generations complete their development annually. 



The tachinid Nernorilla varia is said to be an important parasite of this 

 pest. Two hymenopterous parasites (Pimpla alternans and P. examinator) 

 are also recorded. In combating the caterpillars, which are protected against 

 insecticides, they must be destroyed by crushing with the hand. 



Insects injurious to papaw apples, E. Jabvis {Queensland Agr. Jour., SI 

 {1913), 'So. 1, pp. 33-^5). — This paper relates to the injury caused by larvae 

 of the lepidopteran Dichocrosis punctiferalis by boring in the main stem, leaf 

 stalks, and fruit. Although primarily an Indian corn pest, it also attacks 

 custard apples, oranges, peaches, loquats, bananas, cotton, granadillas, and other 

 fruits and seeds. 



Observations indicate that the eggs are deposited on the leaf stalk near or at 

 its point of junction with the main stem of the tree, and more rarely on the 

 small fruits. Upon hatching out the larva penetrates the hollow stalk and 

 after feeding for a time on its succulent base bores into the crown. When ready 

 to pupate it crawls to some convenient crevice on the exterior of the main stem 

 or among the stalks of the young fruit and buds and spins a lose silken web. 



Applications of arsenate of lead at the rate of 1 lb. to 50 gal. of water are 

 recommended. This should be applied just before the eggs are deposited and 

 is directed principally against the early broods. 



Injury to maple seed by Nepticula sericopeza, I. Teagardh {Skogsvdrdsfdr. 

 Tidskr., Fackafd., 1913, No. 4, pp. 291-303, figs. 10).— The author gives a 

 historical sketch of this moth, its life history, and technical descriptions of its 

 larval and pupal stages. 



The caraway moth. (ScMstodepressaria nervosa), R. Kleine {Ztschr. Wiss. 

 InsektenbioL, 9 {1913), Nos. 2, pp. 37-41; 3, pp. 69-72, figs. 7; 4, pp. 105-109, 

 figs. 6; 5, pp. 143-148, figs. 2; 6-7, pp. 183-190, figs. 2).— A contribution to the 

 biology and economic importance of this insect. 



Surface caterpillar on tal lands, B. J. Woodhouse and H. L. Dutt {Agr. 

 Jour. Bihar and Orissa [India], 1 {1913), No. 1, pp. 1-19, pis. 4)- — A report 

 of work carried on in continuation of tliat previously noted (E. S. R., 25, p. 757). 



Malaria: Cause and control, W. B. Herms {New York, 1913, pp. XI+163, 

 figs. 39). — This work deals in large part with the methods employed in con- 

 trolling the anopheline mosquitoes which convey the malarial parasite. The 

 work is based upon the author's experience in campaigns conducted in Cali- 

 fornia. 



Coccidiascus legeri n. g. and n. sp., an ascosporous parasite of the in- 

 testines of Drosophila funebris, E. Chatton {Corrupt. Rend. Soc. Biol. [Paris], 

 75 {1913), No. 27, pp. 117-120, fig. i).— The author finds about 10 per cent of 

 the pomace flies {D. funebris) to be parasitized by this yeast parasite. 



Control of the orang'e mag'g'ot (Trypeta ludens), D. L. Crawford {Mexico 

 Gulf Coast Citrus Assoc. Circ. 1, 1913, pp. 5). — This is a summarized account 

 of the orange maggot, a pest widely distributed over a large portion of Mexico. 



The biology and morphology of some of the dipterous parasites of the 

 caterpillars of the nun moth, F. Tolg {Centbl. Bakt. [etc.], 2. Abt., 37 {1913), 



