ANIMAL PRODUCTION". 771 



Swine raising around Fairbanks proved successful until the development of 

 a disease which resulted in the loss of 75 per cent of the hogs. It has been 

 demonstrated that hogs can be raised almost entirely upon potato culls and 

 various root crops, together with a small quantity of corn to harden them off 

 for market Hogs on foot bring from 30 to 35 cts. per pound. 



Sheep have done well when fattened on pasture. A pure-bred Cotswold ram 

 has been secured and the ewes bred to lamb in May or June. 



[Animal husbandry work in Nebraska] (Nebraska Sta. Rpt. 1912, pp. 

 XII-XIY, XPV-XF///).— The results of experiments with silage for beef 

 production, previously reported (E. S. R.. 28, p. 572), are given. 



In cooperative work with farmers of the State, one lot of 228 head of 870 lb. 

 steers fed for a period of 89 days on blue grass pasture, the average daily grain 

 ration consisting of corn 25.1 lbs. and cotton-seed cake 2.3 lbs., made an average 

 daily gain of 3.49 lbs. per head. The pork produced from hogs following these 

 steers amounted to 17,000 lbs., or 74.G lbs. of pork per steer. 



Belations existing between cattle breeding and the nature of the soil and 

 climate of West Flanders, Zwaenepoel {Min. Agr. et Trav. Pub. [Belgium], 

 Off. Rural Raps, et Communs., 1913, No. 5, pp. 3-31, pis. 8, fig. 1; Ann. MM. 

 V^t, 62 {1913), No. 8-9, pp. 425-458, pis. 6, flg. i).— Measurements of cattle 

 from 7 zones of West Flanders are followed by a discussion, with illustrations 

 of typical cattle from each zone. 



Cattle with "floating horns," P. Dechambre {Ann. Ecole Nat. Agr. 

 Grignon, 5 {1912), pp. 163-166, figs. 2).— Notes are given on cattle of French 

 West Africa and other parts of Africa, the horns of which instead of being 

 solidly fixed to the skull are movable, pendant, or floating. This condition is 

 not invariably hereditary. Mobility of horns is considered by the author a 

 form of transition toward the disappearance of the frontal append;iges. 



Milk required to raise a dairy calf, W. J. Fraseb and R. E. Brand (Illinois 

 ma. Bui. m, pp. 431-458, figs. 6).— A series of 3 tests were conducted to 

 demonstrate the value of milk in calf raising and to ascertain the minimum 

 amount of milk necessary to insure to the calves a satisfactory start in life. 



The first test was preliminary and indicated that during the first 2 weeks 

 the calves must be fed a reasonable amount of milk containing about 3 per cent 

 butter fat (this to be gradually changed to skim milk), the calves receiving 

 practically all of their nourishment up to 8 weeks from the milk. Following 

 thi.s, a grain supplement may be fed. 



The results of the second test indicated that it was possible to raise calves 

 on a moderate amount of milk, the average amount required being 152 lbs. of 

 whole milk and 435 lbs. skim milk. These calves made an average gain of 65 

 lbs. during the first 70 days of their lives. 



During the third test more whole milk was fed. but it was found to be un- 

 necessary. The cost of the milk fed each calf varied from $1.61 to $4.62, which 

 is considered comparatively low. 



The authors suggest the value of choice alfalfa hay in calf raising. 

 [Sheep breeding and feeding experiments], J. M. Jones (New Hampshire 

 Sta. Bui. 163, pp. 24-28).— The sheep-breeding experiments continuing work 

 previously reported (E. S. R., 28, p. 267) are briefly reported upon. The results 

 in the breeding of multi-nippled sheep have thus far been unimportant. Records 

 are being kept with a view to studying the inheritance of twins in sheep. In 

 experiments to determine the inheritance of wool color a black ram was mated 

 with several white fleeced ewes, in all cases the black behaving as a recessive 

 In the Fi generation. The feeding trials have been previously noted (E S R 

 25, p. 475). ' ■ ■' 



20793°— 14 6 



