884 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOED. 



excitability in tetanus. In tetanus pMenol does not act as an antispasmodic 

 in the ordinary sense of tlie word. It lessens hyperexcitability and in this way 

 lessens muscular spasms." 



Tuberculosis, D. E. Salmon (Rev. Med. Vet. Montevideo, 2 (1911), Nos. 8-9, 

 pp. 309-353; 10-11, pp. 405-456; 12, pp. 505-541) .—This comprises the lectures 

 given to the classes in contagious diseases in the School of Veterinary Medicine 

 at Montevideo, Uruguay. The material deals with the etiology, pathology, symp- 

 toms, prognosis, immunity, and protective vaccination of tuberculosis, with 

 special refereace to the disease in bovines. 



A short description of the disease in pigs and birds and the relation of bovine 

 tuberculosis to man are included. 



The way Koch's bacillus enters the body, H. Vatj.^f, (Rev. G&n. MM. Y6t., 

 20 (1912), No. 237, pp. 465-473).— This discusses the pulmonary, alimentary' 

 and bucco-pharyngeal modes of infection in tuberculosis. It also deals with 

 their relative importance in regard to the occurrence of this disease. 



Curative and protective vaccination against human tuberculosis, F. F. 

 Friedmann (Berlin. Klin. Wchnschr., 49 (1912), No. 7,7, pp. 2214-2217; abs. in 

 Ztschr. Immunitdtsf. u. Expt. Ther., II, Ref., 6 (1912), No. 9, pp. 770-772).— 

 A very general statement as to the cultures used, their virulency, and the num- 

 ber of adults (1172) and children (335) treated by the vaccine. A discussion 

 of the method by others and the results obtained is included. 



Tuberculosis in man and bovines in Sardinia, M. Jatta, G. Lobinga, and 

 R. Maggioea (Abs. in Ztschr. Immunitdtsf. u. Expt. Ther., II, Ref., 6 (1912), 

 No. 9, pp. 772, 773).— Tke thesis of this work was to determine whether the 

 organism causing human tuberculosis was identical with that producing tuber- 

 culosis in bovines; furthermore, if the bovine type of bacillus was capable of 

 producing the disease in man. After reviewing R. Koch's theories with refer- 

 ence to tuberculosis and discussing the present views in regard to the types of 

 oi^anisms from the standpoint of bacteriology, anatomy, and epidemiology, the 

 authors report negative results from examining 231 samples of cows' milk for 

 the presence of the tubercle bacillus. Tests with reference to the behavior of 

 the bovine tubercle bacillus in bovines of a Sardinian breed, showed that the 

 local breeds had a greater resistance toward the bovine tubercle bacillus than 

 the Swiss breeds or crosses. 



Following this are data showing the isolation of 110 strains of tubercle bacilli 

 from man, which were tested on bovines, rabbits, and guinea pigs. The strains 

 with 4 exceptions were of the human type. The 4 strains, which were atypical, 

 were found later to be nonpathogenic for bovines. 



As a result of the tests the authors believe that we can not obtain any in- 

 formation as to the frequency of tuberculosis in man from the number of cases 

 noted in bovines. Diseased animals are not frequently found in Sardinia. Man 

 is evidently the chief source of infection for man. 



Bovine tuberculosis investigations, C. M. Haeing (California Sta. Rpt. 1918, 

 pp. XXXV-XXXVIII) .—In tests of von Behring's bovo vaccine, 45 calves were 

 used, 22 of the animals being treated with bovovaccine and the remaining 23 

 animals being kept as controls. During the following year the calves were 

 reared with precautions against tuberculous infection, and at the end of 8 

 months the animals were tested with tuberculin, with negative results in all 

 cases. The calves were then pastured and fed in corrals with 5 cattle having 

 open tuberculosis. All these cows died within 6 months, and were replaced by 

 other tuberculous animals. The test animals were slaughtered when about 3 

 years old and given an autopsy under federal inspection. Of the 22 vaccinated 

 cattle 10 were tuberculous, as compared with 14 of the 23 nonvaccinated animals 



