ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 859 



Tables for the identification of the bark beetles (Scolytidae) of Europe and 

 adjacent countries, E. Reittee {Wiener Ent. Ztg., 82 (191S), Beiheft, May 15, 

 pp. 116). — This is a key to more than 360 species, with notes on their habits. 



Investigations pertaining to Texas bee keeping {Texas Sta. Bui. 158, pp. 

 5-43, pis. S, fig. 1). — This bulletin consists of 3 separate papers. 



I. Experiments in artificial divisions and swarm control, W. Newell (pp. 

 5-14). — The experiments here reported, which were carried on during the season 

 of 1912 in an apiary of 60 colonies in Brazos County, were made, first, to test 

 different manipulations in their effect in discouraging or retarding swarming, 

 and incidentally their effect upon honey production ; and, secondly, to determine 

 the comparative production of honey by both the Italian and Carniolau colonies, 

 kept in the same yard and under the same conditions. The investigations show 

 a gain of $2.09 in favor of the divided colony where the new colony was figured 

 at a value of $3. In the case of 10 colonies which received an increase of 50 

 per cent in the capacity of the brood chamber prior to the development of the 

 swarming impulse, 3 did not swarm at all and in the 7 others, swarming was 

 apparently delayed from 2 to 3 weeks. In no case did the abundant super- 

 room have any perceptible effect upon the swarming tendency. 



The average production of a small number of Camiolan colonies, namely, 103 

 lbs. per colony, was exactly the average production of all colonies, Carniolans, 

 Italians, and hybrids, in the apiary. 



II. The life history and control of the bee tnoth or wax worm, F. B. Paddock 

 (pp. 15-30). — The dissemination of the bee moth {Galleria mellonella) is said 

 to have been complete in Texas, there being but few counties in the State where 

 bees are kept that are free from the pest at the present time. In reporting 

 for the year 1911, 136 bee keepers recorded losses of their colonies varying 

 from 5 to as high as 95 per cent. 



Investigations indicate that there are 3 broods of this pest in the extreme 

 southern part of the United States, but since there is a decided overlapping of 

 the generations, it is difiicult to determine the exact number of broods a year. 

 The winter is usually passed with about one-third of the insects in the pupal 

 stage and the remainder in the larval stage. The moths may emerge during 

 warm spells in the winter and in protected places can survive an outside 

 temperature as low as 26° F. for as long as 5 days. At College Station, where 

 the life history and duration of the broods have been carefully determined, the 

 maximum number of moths which mature from the overwintering larvae and 

 pupae appear about the first of April. " These moths are active for some time 

 before any eggs are deposited and it is the middle of April before the eggs are 

 laid for the first brood of larvae. Usually 12 days are required for the eggs 

 of this brood to hatch, so by the first of May most of the first brood of larvae 

 are out. The larval period of this brood is quite long, most of them feeding at 

 least 45 days before completing their growth. A majority of the larvae of the 

 generation are ready to pupate by the middle of June, but there is a considerable 

 variation in the rate of growth, for some of these larvse feed for 6 weeks longer 

 before attaining their full size. The pupation of the first brood takes place 

 during the last 2 weeks in June and by July 1 some of the moths of the second 

 generation are to be seen. The moths of this generation emerge at about the 

 same time and give the impression of constituting a very large brood. Most of 

 the eggs are laid very soon after emergence of the moths and by the middle of 

 July all of the eggs of the second generation are deposited. The higher tempera- 

 ture at this time of the year shortens the egg period, only 10 days being required 

 for these eggs to hatch. There is a considerable variation in the maturing of 

 this brood of lai-vae. Normally the larval period is shorter than for the first 



