170 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



than when oil substitutes were used. Cotton-seed oil and separated milk and 

 cod-liver oil and separated milk were about equal in value as substitutes for 

 whole milk. The cost of the cotton-seed oil was slightly less. The author ad- 

 vocates the use of the energy value in the comparison of feeding stuffs. 



The magnitude of the error in nutrition experiments, R. A. Berry (pp. 430, 

 431). — The advantage of applying the normal error to feeding experiments is 

 illustrated. 



A note of caution, Crowther (pp. 431^36). — In the author's opinion the 

 starch value is the best method yet advocated for the comparison of feeding 

 stuffs, and although not perfect he and Dr. Bruce advocate its use until some 

 better method has been discovered. It was the general agreement among those 

 who took part in the discussion that neither protein minimum, energy value, 

 starch value, nor any other standard yet proposed for evaluating feeds has 

 proved to be entirely satisfactory. 



Information concerning' the feeding of animals, Van Godtsenhoven et al. 

 {Min. Agr. et Trav. Pub. [Brussels], Off. Rural, Avis aux Cult., 3. ser., 1911, No. 

 1-10, pp. 144). — A discussion of the nutritive values of the common feeding 

 stuffs in Holland, and methods of combining rations for live stock. 



The influence of food upon fertility in stock, G. P. Darnell-Smith (Rpt. 

 Govt. Bur. Microbiol. N. S. Wales, 2 (1910-11), pp. 230-23^).— A review of 

 investigations on this topic, which are summarized as follows: 



"The greater productivity of domestic animals over their wild progenitors is 

 due largely to their ready supply of nourishment. The production of too much 

 fat by overfeeding reduces fertility. This applies to females in particular, and 

 may apply to males in a lesser degree. The fertility of animals may be in- 

 creased at the breeding season by an adequate supply of suitable nutriment. 

 The control of fertility is to be gained by more rigid attention to diet." 



The effect of establishing' pennanent pastures on the culture of grain and 

 potatoes and upon systems of farm management in Central Germany, R. G. 

 Bbuchholz (Mitt. Okonom. Gesell. Sachsen, 1911-12, pp. 29-80). — A discussion 

 of climatic conditions and other factors affecting the cost of gains in young 

 stock on pasture. There is a comparison of the income from staple crops, such 

 as potatoes and grain, as contrasted with the income derived from permanent 

 pasture. 



Note on the chief fodder grasses of Indian forests, R. S. Hole (Indian 

 Forester, 39 (1913), No. 2, pp. 69-81). — Appended to a brief note on the nutritive 

 value of grasses is a list of the chief fodder grasses of the Indian forests, 

 together with a short bibliography. 



The feeding value of the horse chestnut, S. J. M. Atjld (Jour. Soc. Chem 

 Indus., 32 (1913), No. 4- PP- -^~3, 174). — Horse chestnuts were artificially dried, 

 partially crustied, the shells removed, soaked in cold water over night, and then 

 boiled for one-half hour. If the water is rejected and the residual material 

 dried, partially husked, and reduced to a meal, a large part of the bitter principle 

 is removed. The analysis of the meal is given as follows : Water 8.2 per cent, 

 crude protein 9.3 per cent, ether extract 6.3 per cent, carbohydrates 64.2 per 

 cent, crude fiber 9.5 per cent, and ash 2.5 per cent. 



In a feeding trial with a calf, extending over 3 months, the meal was fed in 

 amounts up to 5 lbs. per day with favorable results. A sheep was fed a ration 

 of horse-chestnut meal for 3 weeks without injury, but it never liked the food 

 and it was eventually withdrawn. It was also given to pigs, but it was so un- 

 palatable that little of it was eaten. 



The evolution of the cattle industry, H. Gibson (^An. Soc. Rural Argentina, 

 43 (1909), Nos. 65, pp. 11-11; 66, pp. 33-31; ^-J (1910), Nos. 61, pp. 15-18; 68, 



