290 EXPERIMENT STATION" EECORD. 



Facts concerning the earlier and later irrigation works, and regarding the 

 design and construction of the drainage works are given, including cost figures 

 for the latter, which totaled $220,215.55, or about 12 cts. per cubic yard, for 

 excavation. 



The drainage experimental field in Josephsdorf, E. Kbugeb (Mitt. Kaiser 

 Wilhclms Inst. Landw. Bromberg, 5 (1913), No. 3, pp. llS-185, pi. 1, fig. 1).— 

 Two years' drainage experiments were conducted in a 9-acre field of compact 

 soil with a view to establishing definite relations between quantity of crop 

 yield, depth of and distance between drains, soil ventilation, and the effect of 

 drainage on ground water level. The drains were laid in distances apart of 

 8, 12, and 16 meters and at depths of 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 meters. Ventilating pipes 

 were provided on some drains and not on others. Small wells were sunk to 

 observe the effect of the various arrangements of drains on the ground water 

 level and on the physical condition of the soil. 



The best yields of crops were obtained from the plats with ventilated drains 

 laid to the minimum depth of 0.9 meter, and the next best results from the 

 plats with unventilated drains laid to the maximum depth of 1.5 meters. Of 

 those plats which were drained to the intermediate depth of 1.2 meters the 

 best results were obtained where the drains were not ventilated, so that on 

 the whole the unventilated drains gave the best results. Although better re- 

 sults were obtained from the shallowest and deepest drains than from the 

 drains of intermediate depth no set rule or definite relations were established. 



Several tables are given showing various effects on the ground water level 

 and on the physical condition of the soil. 



United States Government specification for Portland cement (U. S. Dept. 

 Com. and Labor, Bur. Standards Circ. 33, pp. 28, figs. 10). — This list includes 

 general specifications and standard methods of testing, methods of chemical 

 analysis, and interpretations of chemical and physical specifications, with 

 auxiliary specifications by the Bureau of Standards. 



Specifications for drain tile and sewer pipe, A. Mabston, S. Dean, and 

 W, B. Wareington {Engin. Rec, 67 (1913), No. 9, pp. 235, 236; Cement Era, 

 11 (1913), No. 3, pp. 56-58). — This is a committee report adopted by the Iowa 

 State Drainage Association, based upon data collected during 6 years' investiga- 

 tion at the Iowa Engineering Experiment Station. These specifications are 

 intended to obviate the danger of cracked pipe in ditches, and are so worded 

 that the contractor has the alternative of furnishing stronger pipe or of bed- 

 ding the pipe in concrete in the deeper parts of the trench. 



Studies of coefl3.cient of friction in reenforced-concrete pipe, Umatilla 

 project, Oregon, H. D. Newell (Engin. News, 69 (1913), No. 18, pp. 904, 905, 

 fig. 1). — The results of service tests are reported on 30 and 46 in. reenforced- 

 concrete irrigation pipe and on 16 in. cement pipe to determine the value of 

 the friction factor " n " in Kuttqr's formula and of " c " in the formula 

 v=cVrs under varying slopes and velocities of flow. The summary of results 

 is as follows : 



The 46-in. pipe, 9,831 ft. long under a maximum head of 110 ft. with slopes of 

 0.00087, 0.00078, 0.00108, 0.00102, and respective velocities of 4, 3.98, 4.17, 4.21 

 ft. per second, gave respective values for "c " of 138, 145, 130, 135, and for "n " 

 of 0.0111, 0.0106, 0.0117, and 0.0113. A 30-in. pipe, 5,330 ft. long under a 

 maximum head of 45 ft. and with slopes of 0.00107, 0.00105 and O.OOlOo, and re- 

 spective velocities of 3.61, 3.39 and 3.47 ft. per second, gave respective values 

 for " c " of 140, 132, and 135, and for " n " of 0.0103, 0.0108, and 0.0106. A 30-in. 

 pipe, 3,645 ft. long under a maximum head of 25 ft. and with a slope of 

 0.00086 and a velocity of 2.73 ft. per second, gave a value for " c " of 118 and 

 for " n " of 0.0119. A 16-in, cement pipe, 700 ft. long under a maximum head 



