ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 257 



During moderately cool weather feeding usually takes place each day, but 

 when the weather is warmer digestion proceeds faster and flies may engorge 

 twice during one day. It has been found that adults will feed in midday 

 during the extremely hot weather and also when the temperature is as low as 

 55° F. In a large series of tests the flies have been found never to deposit 

 before the third feeding on blood and usually 4 engorgements are necessary. 

 The greatest number of depositions by a single fly observed was 3, with a total 

 of 278 eggs. In one instance a female was engorged more or less completely 

 14 different times and deposited 2 lots of eggs. Flies fed on blood at rather 

 short intervals lived 17 days. The length of the egg stage was found to vary 

 from 1 to 4 days. The minimum developmental period from egg to adult ranged 

 from 23 to 32 days, according to the character of the food supply. The pupal 

 stage varied from 6 to about 20 days, and the total period from egg to adult 

 from 19 to over 42 days. Probably most of the individuals which successfully 

 hibernate in the latitude of Dallas pass the winter in the larval and pupal 

 stages. 



Two hymenopterous parasites were reared in numbers from the pup« in a 

 number of lots of Stomoxys; one is Spalanyia muscw, the other an undetermined 

 species of the family Pteromalidaa. Forty per cent of the pupae collected from 

 straw and kept in the laboratory yard at Dallas, Tex., were parasitized by these 

 2 species. In breeding experiments it was determined that the parasitism 

 always takes place in the pupal stage. Both of the parasites have been found 

 to attack the pup?e of the house fly and the horn fly, as well as other muscid 

 pupae. 



Work on the Mediterranean fruit fly in Hawaii, H. A. Weinland (Mo. Bui. 

 Com. Hort. Cal., 1 {1912), No. 9, pp. 570-5S3, figs. 5).— A discussion based 

 upon investigations by the author in Hawaii. 



The introduction, methods of control, spread, and migration of the Medi- 

 terranean fruit fly in the Hawaiian Islands, H. H. P. Severin {Mo. Bui. Com. 

 Hort. Cal., 1 {1912), No. 9, pp. 558-565). — This paper is based upon studies 

 conducted by the author. It includes discussions of the manner of introduction 

 and spread of the fruit fly into the Hawaiian Islands, traps, mixed oils, sprays 

 and spraying, clean culture and migration experiments with 2,000 marked male 

 fruit flies, liberated from 3 different localities in the Manoa A^'alley, which is 

 more than 2 miles in length and the greater portion of which is about i mile 

 wide, being walled in by mountains on all sides, except the seaward side. 



A total of 115 marked insects were recaptured, mostly during the first 15 

 days after the experiment had been started. The captures were at distances 

 varying from a quarter of a mile to a mile and a half from their respective 

 points of liberation. " The males liberated during calm spells often required 

 from 1 to 2 weeks to fly a mile or more. In numerous instances kerosene traps 

 were kept in the same tree for a period of 2 weeks and specimens were captured 

 from time to time, indicating that the entire flight was not made at one time." 



The flight of 2,000 marked male Mediterranean fruit flies (Ceratitis capi- 

 tata), H. H. P. Skverin and W. J. Hartung {Ann. Ent. Hoc. Amer., 5 {1912), 

 No. ■), pp. -'/OO-^OS, pi. 1, figs. 3). — A more detailed account of the investigations 

 noted above. 



Precautions taken and the danger of introducing the Mediterranean fruit 

 fly (Ceratitis capitata) into the United States, H. H. P. Severin {Jour. Econ. 

 Ent.. 6 {1913), No. 1, pp. 68-lJf). — A general discussion of the manner in which 

 this fly may gain entrance into this country. 



The wheat leaf miner (Agromyza parvicornis), J. S. Houser {Ohio Sta. Bui. 

 251, pp. 79-S6, figs. 7). — This dipteron, originally described by Loew in 1869 

 from specimens received from Washington, D. C, and referred to but once since 



