856 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



tuber moth to the midseason crop in Victoria in some cases amounted to 50 

 per cent. The use of tarred canvas screens to trap the moth when on the wing 

 and spraying with arsenical preparations are recommended. Deep planting; 

 that is, to a depth of 5^ to 6 in., is recommended, but of itself is not sufficient 

 as it is a habit of some varieties to form their tubers near the surface. The 

 best protection is thought to be furnished by fairly deep planting and thorough 

 covering with soil. 



A preliminary report of the temperature reached in army biscuits during 

 baking', especially with reference to the destruction of the imported flour 

 moth, Ephestia kiihniella, J. H. Durbant and W. W. O. Beveeidge {Jour. Roy. 

 Army Med. Corps, 20 (1913), No. 6, pp. 615-634, P's- 7, figs. 5).— The investiga- 

 tions here reported were carried on to determine the source of infestation of 

 ration biscuits exported to the British Colonies. A somewhat complicated 

 thermo-electrical apparatus was used to determine the interior temperature of 

 biscuits during the process of baking. 



It was found that eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth which had been ex- 

 posed to a temperature of G9° C. (156.2° F.) for 12 minutes failed to survive. 

 As the temperature of the interior of the biscuit reached 100° C. the authors 

 conclude that the infestation must take place after baking, during cooling, and 

 prior to the soldering of the tins in which the biscuits are packed. 



Leucoptera coffeella, an insect enemy of the coffee plant in Sao Paulo, 

 Brazil, R. Thebing (Chacaras e Quintaes, 6 {1912), No. 4, pp. 1-1 ; abs. in In- 

 ternat. Inst. Agr. [Rome], Mo. Bui. Agr. Intel, and Plant Diseases, 4 {1913), No. 

 1, pp. 154-156). — This tineid is reported to have been the source of loss of about 

 35 per cent of the coffee crop in the State of Sao Paulo, the whole crop on some 

 plantations being destroyed. 



The species of Anopheles that transmit human malaria, F. Knab {Amer. 

 Jour. Trop. Diseases and Prev. Med., 1 {1913), Nos. 1, pp. 33-43; 3, p. 227).— 

 A summarized account. Of 34 species now known to occur in the Western 

 Hemisphere only 8 have been definitely proved malaria transmitters. 



The breeding places of Phlebotomus, F. M. Howlett {Jour. Trop. Med. and 

 Hyg. [London], 16 (1913), No. 16, pp. 255, 256). — ^A general discussion of the 

 habits of sand-flies. 



The host of verruga, C. H. T. Townsend (Reprint from Peru Today, 5 

 (1913), July, pp. 84O-842, figs. 2). — The author presents further evidence to 

 show that sand-flies, dipterous insects of the genus Phlebotomus, are the car- 

 riers of verruga and that ticks are not, as was previously thought to be the 

 case (E. S. R., 29, p. 262). 



Further observations on the parasites of Slmulium larvae, E. H. Stbick- 

 LAND (Jour. Morph., 2-J (1913), No. 1, pp. 43-94, pis. 6; abs. in Rev. Appl. Ent., 1 

 (1913), Ser. B, No. 5, pp. 77, 78). — A report of investigations conducted in con- 

 tinuation of those previously noted (E. S. R., 27, p. 456). 



Three distinct classes of parasites are found in the vicinity of Boston, each 

 of which causes the death of larvje of Simulium species, namely, (1) parasites 

 of the spring brood of Simulium, of which various Myxosporidia cause a mor- 

 tality of 80 per cent; (2) a species of Mermis, affecting 25 per cent; and (3) 

 parasites of the autumn brood, including 3 species of Glugea, one rare and the 

 others causing from 5 to 10 per cent mortality, and a species of Gregarina 

 causing up to 50 per cent mortality. 



Warble flies (Internat. Inst. Agr. [Rome], Mo. Bui. Agr. Intel, and Plant 

 Diseases, 4 (1913), No. 2, pp. 248-255).— This review of the recent literature on 

 the subject follows a bibliography of 32 titles. 



The sheep botfly or head maggot (CEstrus ovis), J. R. Sebees (Gac. Rural 

 [Buenos Aires], 6 (1913), No. 69, pp. 759, 761; abs. in Rev. Appl. Ent., 1 (1913), 



