RURAL ECONOMICS. 891 



Experimenters, and from the experimental works of commercial concerns manu- 

 facturing heating and ventilating apparatus. Certain architectural and struc- 

 tural information is included, to be used in connection with the installation of 

 various methods of heating and ventilating. The subject matter is presented 

 under the following chapters: Methods of Heating and Ventilating Buildings; 

 Amount and Condition of Air for Ventilation; Loss and Gain of Heat; Radi- 

 ators, Valves, and Heat Transmission from Radiators; Methods of Calculating 

 Heat Required for Rooms; Direct Steam Heating: Hot-water Heating; Indirect 

 Heating; P\irnace Heating; Furnaces and Boilers; District Heating; and 

 Temperature Control and Drying by Air. 



EXJEAL ECONOMICS. 



Some profitable and unprofitable farms in New Hampshire, F. E. Robert- 

 son and L. G. Dodge {U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Plant Indus. Circ. J2S, pp. 3-15, 

 fig. 1). — This article presents the results of a detailed study of farming as 

 found in 2 typical dairying sections of New Hampshire, the sections being 

 selected to show something of the financial results of daii'ying under average 

 conditions, both in the production of market milk and of cream for creameries. 

 In the study of 428 farms there appeared a wide variation in the profitableness 

 among them, which is brought out by showing the relation between some of the 

 methods of management and profits on 100 of the most profitable farms as com- 

 pared with 100 of the least profitable farms. Tables are given showing com- 

 parative area, comparative distribution of capital, distribution of receipts and 

 expenses, number and value of live stock, and a comparison of miscellaneous 

 factors. It is noted that the better 100 farms have an average labor income of 

 $830 against a minus average labor income of $341 for 100 of the poorer farms. 

 The better farms averaged only about 21 more acres of total area and about 

 $200 more total investment than the poorer farms, but more of the investment 

 was in working capital than in real estate. The better farms are shown to have 

 kept one-half more cows and the same number of horses ; had a greater produc- 

 tion per cow in money value; and were operated by men S years younger on an 

 aver.-ige than the poorer farms. 



Efficient types of farming' and their location, T. Brinkmann {Filhling's 

 LaiHtiv. Zig., G2 {191S), No. 6, pp. J S5-213).— This article presents an exhaus- 

 tive study of different types of farm practices and endeavors to find out and 

 show by tables and formulas the conditions under which they are capable of 

 producing the maximum net revenue. 



Tables are given showing the various items which enter into the cost of 

 production and distribution of farm and forest products under different systems 

 of farm management. 



Agrarian matters and agrarian politics, W. Wtgodzinski (Agranvescn und 

 AgrarpoUtik. Berlin and Leipsic, 1912, vols. 1, pp. 133; 2, pp. 15-'t). — These 

 volumes present an economic discussion of the agricultural industry, both as to 

 its effect upon society and as to how society is affected by it. Special consider- 

 ation is given to soils and their relation to agricultural production ; persons en- 

 gaged in agriculture from the standpoint of the individual, locality, and society 

 as a whole; the underlying causes of rent, how to determine it, and its relation 

 to value; functions of capital and credit in agriculture, classified under fixed 

 and circulating capital, and personal and real credit; agricultural labor; profits 

 in agricultural products; and the organization of agriculture from a professional 

 standpoint. 



Land taxation, T. Eichholtz {Dcut. Landtc. Presse, 40 {1913), Nos. 7, pp. 

 73, 74; 8, pp. SS, 84). — This article presents a discussion of the different systems 



