392 EXPERIMENT STATION" RECOED. 



of taxation, holding that the single tax or land tax theory is thoroughly logical, 

 with fewer scientific objections than any other system in actual operation. 



[German agricultural associations and org-anizations necessary to meet 

 the demands of agriculture], L. Kiessling (Landio. Hefte, 1913, No. 19-20, pp. 

 76). — This pamphlet contains a number of articles discussing in more or less 

 detail the organization and growth of various classes and kinds of agricultural 

 societies, showing their purpose, history, and progress of each. Special atten- 

 tion is given to societies for production and distribution; organization of agri- 

 cultural labor; associations for supervising seed production and dissemination; 

 and societies dealing with various other agricultural activities. Observations 

 are made as to the organization of such societies by localities, districts, and 

 counties and where they are more general in character. 



A successful cooperative exchange, W. H. Ingling (Business America, IS 

 (1913), No. 5, pp. 429-431). — This article outlines a plan of the farmers' busi- 

 ness cooperation which is being successfully operated in Monmouth County, 

 N. J., with some of the results. 



The organization was incorporated in 1908 with a capital stock of $100,000, 

 represented by 20,000 shares of a par value of $5 each. It ia primarily a selling 

 organization having its salesmen located in the principal cities of 20 States 

 east of the Mississippi River. The goods of the association are shipped on 

 f. o. b. sales only. The total shipments reported since organization amount to 

 10.910 cars, distributed as follows: Potatoes 4,603,962 bu., apples and pears 

 153,890 bu., asparagus 1,010,822 bunches, miscellaneous fruits and vegetables 

 41.480 packages, and fertilizers 11,145 tons. The total amount of business done 

 is reported at more than $4,320,000. The increase in price on potatoes alone 

 has given the farmers an average of over $100,000 per year. 



How cooperation remade a Minnesota neighborhood, C. Poe (Prog. Farmer, 

 28 (191S), No. 26, p. 745). — This article describes briefly what cooperation has 

 meant to the farmers in and around Svea, Minn., showing how farmers have 

 been able to organize and successfully operate a cooperative creamery, tele- 

 phone company, grain elevator, stock shipping association, and insurance com- 

 pany. Their efforts have resulted further in a thoroughly equipped high school 

 with agricultural and domestic science teaching; a consolidated church with 

 resident pastor; a school library and a state teaching library; and neighbor- 

 hood social meetings 3 times a month. 



The road to cheaper money, H. H. Hughes (Farm, Stock and Home, 29 

 (1913), Nos. 4, p. 150; 5, pp. 211, 212, fig. 1; 7, pp. 328, 329, figs. 2; 11, pp. 448, 

 450, figs. 2). — The results of a study as to the opportunities for obtaining 

 loans with farm property as security in Iowa, Nebraska, Wisconsin, Minne- 

 sota, South Dakota, North Dakota, and Montana, obtained by addressing a 

 questionnaire to a number of farmers as to interest rates and discounts with 

 different kinds of security, are presented. Data were obtained as lo the aver- 

 age value of improved land in the various communities, also as to the general 

 demand or desirability for short-time or long-time loans. The results are 

 shown and illustrated by table.g and charts, both by States and as a whole. 



It is noted that the combined average interest rate on first mortgage loans 

 in the territory covered was 7.24 per cent, on chattel mortgage loans 9.2 per 

 cent, and on unsecured notes 9.4S per cent. The author notes among his con- 

 clusions that farmers who are earning a reasonable rate on their invested 

 capital may reasonably expect a cheaper rate on money than those who have 

 not put into practice good business methods or a profitable system of farming. 

 " When a farmer asks for a lower rate of interest because he is not making 

 enough to pay more, the very nature of his request and the ground on which he 

 bases it warrants the demand for a higher rate." 



