276 EXPERIMENT STATION RECOED. 



egg due to evaporation was 15.78 per cent, as compared with 14.94 per cent in 

 the case of the hot-water machine. In another test the average loss in weight 

 due to evaporation was 17.13 per cent per egg as compared with 15.81 per cent 

 loss with brown-shelled eggs. " The results all along point to the fact that the 

 structure of the brown shells differs somewhat from that of the white shells." 



In tests to determine the effect of cold storage on evaporation in eggs, the 

 average percentage of loss of moisture was 7.78 in the case of small eggs and 

 7.703 with large eggs, but the difference in favor of the large egg is considered 

 unimportant. The low percentage of evaporation is attributed to 2 factors (1) 

 the eggs were kept at an almost uniform temperature of 0° C, and (2) the 

 moisture content of the atmosphere was from 75 to 78 per cent. 



Poultry [records], R. S. Seton {Yorkshire Council Agr. Ed. and Univ. Leeds 

 [Pamphlet] 85. 1912, pp. 39, -'lO). — This is a report of egg-laying records during 

 a period from 1907 to 1911 of hens and pullets of the following breeds : Scotch 

 Grey, Faverolles, White Leghorn, Buff Orpington, and Silver Wyandotte. 



The care of the farm eg'gs, H. M. Lamon and C. L. Oppebman (U. S. Dept. 

 Agr., Bur. Animal Indus. Bui. 160, pp. 53, pis. 6, figs. 8). — This continuation of 

 work previously reported (E. S. R., 26, p. 78) treats of the deterioration oc- 

 curring in the various classes of fertile and infertile eggs when kept on the 

 farm under different environmental conditions, and includes extensive experi- 

 mental egg work carried on in Kansas. 



Results of these tests indicated that the cyclone cellar is to be preferred as a 

 storage for eggs to other average farm conditions. The unheated room in the 

 dwelling house is not conducive to good quality in eggs, while eggs left during 

 the hot summer months in nests in the straw stack, weeds, under the corn 

 crib, and in stolen nests were badly affected with spots, blood rings, and rot 

 Nests for layers and stolen nests were especially conducive to deterioration in 

 fertile eggs. The straw stack was the only test in which a large number of 

 infertile eggs deteriorated to such an extent as to be unfit for food. 



" In fertile eggs the development of the embryo after 24 hours of incubation 

 was of sufficient proportion to be recognized when held before the candle, and 

 at the expiration of 36 hours the presence of blood was easily detected. In 

 infertile eggs under the same conditions a slight shrinkage of the contents was 

 the only change which could be recognized by the eye. Infertile eggs, regard- 

 less of where they may be kept, are much more resistant to deterioration than 

 fertile. Two-thirds of the total loss in fertile and infertile eggs takes place on 

 the farm. The basic factors responsible for this condition are the haphazard 

 methods of poultry management on the farm. If eggs are fresh when deliverefl 

 to the buyer it is impossible, with the present methods of transportation, for 

 them to reach the packing house without showing a slight deterioration in 

 quality. The data at hand would indicate that this loss is about 12 per cent of 

 the original value of the eggs. The re.sults of all the experimental work point 

 to the fact that the production of the infertile egg is the greatest a.sset in the 

 attempt to produce high-quality market eggs during hot weather." 



Farm poultry, Frances Willet et ax. (Bien. Rpt. Kans. Bd. Agr., 18 

 (1911-12), pp. .'i59-712, figs. 31). — A compilation of articles on poultry diseases, 

 choice of breeds, poultry management, and other related subjects. 



DAIRY FARMING— DAIRYING. 



[Feeding dairy cows and calves], J. J. Hooper (Kentucky Sta. Bui. 171, 

 pp. 165-190, figs. Jf). — Part 1 of this bulletin. Feeding Dairy Cows in Kentucky 

 (pp. 165-182), discusses the feeding of balanced rations, the purj^ose of nu- 

 trients in milk production, the value of the different dairy feeds, including both 



