DAIRT FARMING DAIRYING. 277 



concentrateg and roughages, and the desirability of variety in the dairy ration, 

 and presents a number of grain mixtures. Part 2. Experiments in Feeding 

 Dairy Cows and Calves (pp. 183-190), reports experiments carried, on at the 

 station. 



Eighty calves (principally Jerseys) were employed in 5 separate experiments 

 to determine the advisability of using 3 kinds of calf nipples for feeding the 

 young calf. " It required on an average for all the calves, 39^ seconds for the 

 bucket-fed calves to drink their milk, while the calves sucking their milk 

 through the nipple required an average of 2 minutes and 21 seconds to drink 

 the same quantity of milk. Our weights show conclusively that during the 

 first 7 to 10 weeks of the calf's life, they were more thrifty when fed through 

 the nipple, which was due to the fact that as they suck the milk they mix it 

 thoroughly with saliva and take it slowly. After the seventieth day the nipple 

 was no more effective than bucket feeding." 



The results of an experiment made to determine whether or not the milk 

 from Kerry cows would nourish Jersey calves better than Jersey milk were 

 inconclusive, and the experiment will be repeated. 



An experiment was made with IS grade and pure-bred Jersey calves to test 

 the relative efSciency of corn, flaxseed, and whole milk. The average daily 

 gains for the 3 lots were, respectively, 1.44 lbs., 1.26 lbs., and 1.38 lbs., and indi- 

 cate that it is unnecessary to use high priced whole milk, or to purchase ex- 

 pensive oil-bearing seeds such as flaxseed, to supplement skim milk for calves 

 that are 2 months old. 



Three lots of 6 calves each were fed 79 days to determine if as good calves 

 could be grown on skim milk and on rolled oats as on whole milk. The aver- 

 age daily gains were for the calves fed on whole milk 0.84 lb., those on skim 

 milk O.SS lb., and those on rolled oats and skim milk 0.465 lb., with the respective 

 total costs of feed $31.60. $14.03, and $5.42. These results indicate the value 

 of skim milk supplemented with some grain as the calf attains the age of from 

 6 to 8 weeks. 



Experiments in the summer feeding of dairy cows, though not conclusive, 

 indicated that a small grain ration to supplement pasturage or silage was 

 profitable. 



On the effect of heavy root feeding- on the yield and composition of milk, 

 A. Laudee and T. W. Fagan (Edinb. and East of Scot. Col. Agr. Rpt. 26, 1012. 

 pp. 56). — A report of experiments with 60 dairy Shorthorns extending over a 

 period of 3 years. The " turnip ration " consisted of 4 lbs. concentrates, 112 

 lbs. turnips, and 15 lbs. hay, while the " ordinary concentrated ration " was 

 made up of 10 lbs. concentrates, 40 lbs. turnips, and 15 lbs. hay. The results 

 obtained indicate that " the feeding of a ration containing a large quantity of 

 water does not increase the percentage of water in the milk or reduce the 

 percentage of fat. The greater yield of milk was obtained from the cows on 

 the concentrated ration. On the other hand, the milk from the cows on the 

 turnip ration contained a higher percentage of fat, and a greater total weight 

 of fat was secreted in the milk. The cost of production, when allowance was 

 made for the percentage of fat in the milk, was less in the case of the turnip 

 ration." 



On the feeding" value of legumes for milk production, N. Hansson (Meddel, 

 Centralanst. Forsoksv. Jordbruksoinrddet, 1912, No. 66, pp. 29). — Feeding experi- 

 ments with milch cows were conducted by the author during 3 winter periods, 

 1910-1912, on 3 Swedish dairy farms, from 18 to 30 milch cows being included 

 in each experiment. The influence of replacing 2 kg. of a mixture consisting 

 of from 40 to 50 per cent of peanut cake and 50 to 60 per cent wheat bran, with 



