278 EXPEEIMENT STATION RECORD. 



a similar amount of ground peas, beans, or vetches, was studied in tlie expert 

 ments. 



The substitution resulted in an average loss of 0.14 lb. of milk per head 

 daily for the pea and vetch lots, and 0.5 lb. for the beau lot. The body weights 

 of the cows in the last lot were increased somewhat, and a slight increase also 

 took place in the case of the lots fed peas and vetches. 



Influence of legumes on the quality of butter, I.. R. Rosengren (Meddel. 

 CentrcUanst. Forsoksv. Jordhriiksomrddet, 1912, No. 70, pp. 6). — The butter 

 produced in the experiments of Hansson, noted above, was scored according 

 to quality and compared with that from control lots. The results obtained 

 led to the conclusion that these legumes do not have any deleterious effect on 

 the quality of butter produced on otherwise normally composed feed rations, 

 but may be considered similar to common oil cakes in their influence on the 

 quality of the butter. 



Cost of food in the production of milk, C. Crowtheb {TJyiiv. Leeds and 

 YorksJtire Council Agr. Ed. [Pamphlet], 86. 1913, pp. 27).— This bulletin re- 

 ports record tests of 95 cows for a period of 12 months to determine the cost 

 of food in the production of milk. It includes data on the rations fed. cost of 

 rations, the range of variation in the percentage of fat, variation in milk yield, 

 and other data pertaining to this subject. 



[Dairy herd records], J. H. Grisdale and P. H. Moore (Canada Expt. Farms 

 Rpts. 1912, pp. 51-53, 423, 424). — Tables are given, showing the milk record 

 and feed consumption of the main station herd, also of the first lactation period 

 of 2S grade Holstein cows after a long train trip and before being acclimatized. 



English. Guernsey cattle society's milk records {Mark Lane Express, 109 

 (1913), No. 4^56, p. 587). — A report of the milk records of 51 Guernsey cattle, 

 including yield of milk and milk fat, percentage of milk fat, etc. 



Danish milk control, J. J. Dunne (Hoard's Dairyman, 45 (1913), No. 17, 

 pp. 624, 633, figs. 2). — The author discusses the extension of the Danish milk 

 control scheme and presents a table giving a survey of the results of various 

 control unions throughout Denmark for the past 8 years. The increase in per- 

 centage of milk fat, in pounds of butter, and in quantity of milk produced has 

 been quite marked. 



On the nature of the cellular elements present in milk. — IV, The histo- 

 logical appearances of the udder, R. T. Hewlett, S. Villar, and C. Revis 

 (Jour. Hyg. [Camdridgeri, 13 (1913), No. 1, pp. 87-92, pi. l).—ln continuation 

 of earlier work (E. S. R., 25, p. 480), this report deals with the histological 

 appearances of the udder and a determination of the nature and source of the 

 cellular elements in milk. 



" This examination of these several udders has shown the extreme paucity 

 of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the inter-alveolar tissue, and so far as can 

 be seen their complete absence in the lumina of the alveoli. In the subepithelial 

 layer, cells corresponding to the ' germinal' cells of Winkler have been detected 

 and lend support to his conclusions respecting the origin of the epithelium from 

 these cells. . . . The results of this examination confirm the opinion we have 

 already expressed that the cellular elements found in milk, either normally or in 

 ordinary catarrhal or interstitial nonsuppurative mastitis are tissue cells, and 

 that ' pus cells ' in the ordinary acceptance of the term, do not appear in milk 

 under these conditions." 



Milk analysis, A. Pappel (Cairo Sei. Jour., 7 (1913), No. 78, pp. 63-67).— 

 Analyses of 14 samples of buffalo milk are reported, and the methods of analysis 

 discussed. 



On the fat content of human milk, W. Arnold (Ztschr. Vntersuch. Nahr. u. 

 Genussmtl., 23 (1912), No. 9, pp. 433-440; ahs. in Hyg. Rundschau, 23 (1913), 



