HORTICULTUEE. 433 



A'ention, the conquest of Formosa by the Japanese, the tariff privileges granted 

 by the United States to the former Spanish colonies, and the great advance of 

 science in the province of sugar-cane culture and cane-sugar manufacture. The 

 subjects covered are general history of the cane-sugar industry and the condi- 

 tion of the cane-sugar industry in the different countries of production, includ- 

 ing data as to planted area and total production, cane cultivation, sugar manu- 

 facture, prime cost, importation, transportation, excise duties, and the future. 



Wheat experiments on the botanical areas, Cawnpore, and their bearing 

 on wheat cultivation in the United Provinces, H. M. Leake and R. Prasad 

 {Agr. Research Inst. Pusa Bui. 31, 1912, pp. IT). — This palmer gives results of 

 variety tests of wheat under various cultural methods. Deep plowing immedi- 

 ately after harvest, to provide for the penetration of the rain water before the 

 next crop was planted, proved most satisfactory. 



Mutation in a variety of pure-bred wheat, N. Passerini (Bui. Soc. Bot. Ital., 

 1912, No. 1, pp. 8-10, fig. 1). — This paper compares the differences in the parts 

 of the spike of a pure-bred variety and a mutation of that variety. 



Asepticizing pure seeds, V. M. Arcichovsky (Zap. Sta. Isp. Stem. Imp. Bot. 

 8a(l. (A)in. Samenpriif. Anst. K. Bot. Gart. St. Petersb.), 1 (1912), No. 6, pp. 

 15). — From investigations described in this bulletin it was concluded that seeds 

 from healthy fruit may be considered free from micro-organisms. That steril- 

 ized, seeds were aseptic was proven by placing them for 14 days in a culture 

 bouillon. 



Danish seed control, 1911-12, K. Dorph-Petersen (Tidsskr. Landbr. Plan- 

 teavl, 19 (1912), No. J,, pp. 616-111).— Tins is the forty-first annual repqrt of 

 this institution and contains resumes of the work during the year, with discus- 

 sions. The number of seed samples examined during the year was 11,458, of 

 which 5,786 samples were forwarded by seedsmen. 



A new weed exterminator, J. C. Aethur (Science, n. set:, 31 (1913), No. 9JfO, 

 p. 19). — This article describes the application of orchard heating oil in the 

 destruction of wild garlic (Allium vineale), as tested by the Indiana Experiment 

 Station. This oil destroyed the bulbs in the soil, as well as the bulblets on the 

 stalk ; in fact, it seemed to kill all growing vegetation, but appeared to have no 

 lasting effect on the soil. 



HORTICULTURE. 



Hybridization experiments with stocks, peas, and beans with reference 

 to the theory of factors, E. von Tsciiermak (Ztschr. Indulctive Ahstam. u. 

 Vererhungslehre, 1 (1912), No. 2, pp. Sl-22Ji, pis. ^, figs. ^).— In the experiments 

 here described the author first analyzes in detail the nature of factor transmis- 

 sion in his various hybrid forms of stocks, peas, and beans, which have previ- 

 ously been described empirically (E. S. R., 16, p. 263), these data being supple- 

 mented by the results of recent observations. He then deducts hypothetical 

 factor formulas for the various forms and breeds involved, after which he sets 

 out to test these formulas by a new series of experiments in which the individual 

 hybrid offspring are recrossed with the parent forms, with each other, and with 

 other stocks and hybrids having known factor combinations. The results of 

 these check tests are discussed at considerable length, special attention being 

 given to certain factors which in the recrosses failed to conform to the hypo- 

 thetical formulas and to a study of accelerating and restricting factors. Fre- 

 quent reference is made to the work of other breeders. 



The author's results and deductions are reviewed in the concluding chapter. 

 He finds in substance that the methodical analysis of numerous cases of sys- 

 tematical crosses of stocks, peas, and beans has shown that the majority of 



