FIELD CROPS. 427 



oats yielded 360 kg. per hectare increase over fertilized plats without irrigation, 

 and areas fertilized and irrigated 8 times beginning with May 15, an increase 

 of 1,1S0 kg. Carrots did not give profitable returns with irrigation, but it is 

 pointed out that sandy soil newly cultivated is not suitable for the production 

 of carrots. With meadows irrigated from the middle of ilay to September 12, 

 in one case 12 times, totalling 4S0 mm. water, there was produced 2,190 kg. 

 per hectare; and in another case 24 times, totalling 9G0 mm., the yield was 

 3,840 kg. Both yields were made at a profit. 



In a drainage experiment at Josephdorf, drains were placed 1.2 and 0.9 

 meters in depth, and 8, 12, and 16 meters apart, and one-half was aerated. 

 The field was sown to barley. The highest yields were secured by aeration 

 with the most shallow drains, and without aeration with the deepest drains. 

 It is noted that the depth of drains had no appreciable inlluence on the yield 

 but that the shortest distance between the lines gave the best results. 



At Bromberg in a lysimeter experiment with oats, when the ground water 

 depth was maintained at 0.4 meters, a yield of 2,940 kg. of grain was produced; 

 with the ground water at 0.8 meters, 3,000 kg.; and without maintaining a 

 water level only 340 kg. per hectare. Aeration resulted in a yield of 1,150 kg., 

 and without aeration the yield was 137 kg. It was concluded that a sandy soil 

 does not need aeration. 



Field experiments, 1911 (Dept. Agr. and Tech. Instr. Ireland Jour., 12 

 (1912), No. 3, pp. 459-//91 ) .— This paper gives results of field experiments with 

 barley, meadow hay, potatoes, mangels, oats, turnips, wheat, sugar beets, and 

 flax. 



Liquid manure apparently produced better gains with hay than either barn- 

 yard manure or commercial fertilizers. A lO-year average of potato yields 

 showed the best results with 15 tons of barnyard manure, 1 cwt. sulphate of 

 ammonia, 4 cwt. superphosphate, and 1 cwt. muriate of potash per acre. Sugar 

 beets produced better planted on the flat than with the drill method, with 

 yields of 20 and 18 tons per acre, and 18.7 and 18.2 per cent sugar content, 

 respectively. 



Report on cooperative variety tests, 1911, P. Bolin (E. Landthr. Alcad. 

 Handl. och Tidskr., 51 {1912), No. 7-8, pp. 497-522; Meddel. Centralanst. 

 Forsoksv. JordhruksomrCidet, 1912, No. 64, pp. 28). — Detailed accounts are 

 given of variety tests conducted by 16 Swedish county agricultural societies 

 during the year 1911. The report covers 240 series of trials with different 

 varieties of cereals, legumes, root crops, and potatoes. 



Reclamation of sand areas, A. Macpherson (Jour. New Zeal. Dept. Agr., 5 

 {1912), No. J,, pp. 364-370, figs. 7).— This article describes experiments to re- 

 claim sand areas with lupines, gorse, broom, and alfalfa, in which alfalfa gave 

 very satisfactory results not only in binding the sand but also in the yield 

 of hay. 



Grass investig-ations in the Ozark upland, M. F. Miller and C. B. Hutchi- 

 son {Missoxiri Sta. Bui. 108, pp. 89-138, figs. 21).— The results obtained in 15 

 cooperative tests with grasses for pasture on typical upland Ozark soil " show 

 that there is little distinction to be made in the adaption of any of the grasses 

 tested to the different groups of soils, with the possible exception of the 

 adaptation of orchard grass to the Springfield group. On the other hand, 

 there are a few of the grasses which show almost a universal adaptation. Of 

 these, orchard grass, redtop, Kentucky bluegrass, and timothy are the most 

 important. The most striking thing that has been shovm, however, is the 

 special adaptation of orchard grass to this region. This grass seems to be 

 especially hardy and well adapted to practically the entire Ozark country 

 land and it is by far the most productive of all grasses on the drier lands. 



