VETERINARY MEDICINE. 479 



The etiology of recurrent fever; its mode of transmission by the louse, 

 C. NicoLLE, L. Blaizot, aud E. Conseil (Ann. Inst. Pasteur, 21 {191S), No. S, 

 pp. 205-225, figs. 2). — The authors have been unable to transmit recurrent fever 

 to man or monkeys through the bite of the louse, 6,515 louse bites proving 

 harmless in this respect. The spirilla apparently disappear from the louse 

 after a time only to reappear 8 days later and persist in the body of the louse 

 for about 12 days, when they permanently disappear. The infection of the 

 louse may be transmitted to the young, and this is probably responsible for the 

 conservation of the virus. The germs in the louse do not invade the buccal 

 cavity or digestive tract and thus have no communication with the exterior so 

 long as the louse is alive and they die when the louse dies. 



Man and monkeys, however, become inoculated with the disease through 

 crushing the louse on the skin, the spirilla gaining entrance to the system 

 through openings in the skin caused by scratching or by way of the conjunc- 

 tiva, the head louse and body louse acting alike in this respect. Ornithodoros 

 savignyi was found to be incapable of inoculating a monkey with the Tunis 

 viru.s. 



Trypanosomes v. heat center and anaphylatoxin fever in rabbits, R. Hirsch 

 [Ztschr. Expt. Path. u. Ther., 13 (1913), No. 1, pp. 132-1^1).— The fever pro- 

 duced in rabbits by infection with trypanosomes results in a greater output of 

 heat than that brought about by puncturing the heat center (the front end of 

 the caudate nucleus) of the brain. On the other hand, that produced by 

 anaphylatoxin results in a lower output than Is present under normal condi- 

 tions. 



Trypanosoma equiperdum in Russia in Europe, A. W. Belitzer, Nina Kohl- 

 Yakimoff, and W. L. Yakimoff (Bui. Sac. Path. Exot., 5 {1912), No. 10, pp. 

 822-825). — A discussion of the occurrence of dourine. 



Experimental observations in regard to the virulence of old (inactive) 

 tuberculous foci in bovines, B. Uhlenbrok {Experimentelle Untersuchungeti 

 ■iiber die Virulenz alter (inaktiver) tuberkuloser Herde beim Rind. Inaug. Diss., 

 TJniv. Bern, 1910, pp. 31; abs. in Intemat. Centbl. Gesam. Tuberkulose Forsch., 

 7 {1912), No. 2, p. 79). — With the aid of animal experimentation it is shown 

 that old calcified glands of bovines contain virulent tubercle bacilli. The viru- 

 lence of the organisms is, however, attenuated, and they show evidence of de- 

 generation. In the experimental animals no marasmus or deaths occurred up 

 to 112 days. The distribution of the lesions in guinea pigs was not extensive, 

 and no caseation was noted. 



The significance of bovine tubercle bacilli for man, J. Orth {Berlin. Klin. 

 Wchnschr., 50 (1918), No. 10, pp. l,29-lt35, figs. 2).— This deals with the signifi- 

 cance of bovine tubercle bacilli for the occurrence of tuberculosis in man. It 

 is concluded that the measures to be taken ngainst the disease should not 

 be left to veterinarians and animal husbandmen alone. The discussion is sup- 

 ported by statistical data. 



Tubercular birds as a cause of tuberculosis in pigs, O. Bang {Ztschr. In- 

 fektionskrank. u. Hyg. Haustiere, 13 {1913), No. 5, pp. 215-225).— This details 

 cases of tuberculosis in hogs which originated from fowls, and includes feeding 

 and bacteriological tests. In one bam containing 45 animals, 30 were found 

 to be affected with either mesenteric or cervical tuberculosis. After destroy- 

 ing the fowls, the disease was apparently eradicated. See also a previous 

 note by De Jong (E. S. R., 26, p. 583). 



Contribution to the symptomatology of tuberculosis in the horse, M. 

 AuQUSTiN {Rev. O&n. M6d. Y6t., 20 {1912), No. 233-234, PP- 261-264; abs. in 

 Berlin. Tierdrstl. Wchmchr., 29 {1913), No. 10, pp. 186, 187).— A description of 



