1920] RURAL, ECONOMICS. 93 



farms uf the three types, size of farm business, crop yields and return from 

 live stock, utilization of labor, amount and distribution of investment, and 

 sources of receipts. 



The 98 beef farms ranged in size from 7 to more than 200 cattle units per 

 farm, with an area of 70 to 1.000 acres of owned laud and a total capital of 

 from .$4,(M)0 Ux more than ,$100,000. The 20 farms with the .smallest number 

 of cattle units per farm, an average of 1(5, made a labor inccjme of —$176, the 

 20 farms with the larjrest, an average of 126, a labor income averaging $919 for 

 the two years. The 20 farms with the largest number of cattle units per farm 

 returned $5 per man day's work on crops and live stock the first year and $4.16 

 the second, as compared with $1.27 and $1.74 on the 20 farms with the smallest 

 number of cattle luiits per farm. Tables show the number of cattle units per 

 farm, labor income, family income, and returns per man day's work on croi»s 

 and live stock cattle units per farm and utilization of labor; total i-eceipts 

 and labor and family income; income per cattle unit and labor and family 

 Income ; and percentage of total capital in working capital, labor income, and 

 family income for the 98 beef farms. 



A table Is given showing that the 11 dairy farms with 14 cows or fewer 

 made nearly 5 per cent on investment but no labor income. The 9 farms with 

 more than 14 cows per farm made a labor income of $672 the first year and 

 $1,004 the second. The crop index was much higher on the farms with larger 

 herds, and the farms with larger herds were 50 per cent more efficient in the 

 use of man labor than the farms with small herds. While dairying was the 

 most profitable of the three types, it was not extensively practiced because 

 markets for milk and cream were unsatisfactory and it was difficult to secure 

 .satisfactory labor. 



In this study, data for either year show^ the same general tendencies as the 

 average of both years. 



First advice to woiild-be farmers, F. E. Green {London: ''Country Life." 

 Ltd.. 191i>. pp. 190). — This discussion of how to make a start in obtaining, 

 stocking, and working a small holding contains chapters on learning to farm ; 

 choosing a farm; capital required; marketing your own produce; .specializing 

 on new side-lines; poultry and duck keeping; beekeeping; fruit-farming; cows, 

 pigs, goats, and rabbits; useful hints; woman's place in agriculture; the plat 

 of earth as a starting point ; the rural allotment as a stepping-stone how to 

 get a small holding ; and farm colonies for discharged soldiers and sailors. 



Handbook giving information regarding land settlement, agricultural 

 training, and loans for returned soldiers (Ottana: Soldier Settlement Bd. 

 Canada. 1919. pp. 20-\-.'f). — This gives provisions of the Soldier Settlement Act 

 of Canada, 1917. 



Soldier settlement in Italy {Scot. Jour. Agr.. 3 {1920), No. 1. pp. 84-86).— 

 The organization and working of the " National Assistance of Soldiers and 

 Sailors," previously noted (E. S. R., 42, p. 800), is described. 



Report by the undersecretary for public lands under the Discharged 

 Soldiers' Settlement Act of 1917, W. G. Graham {[Queensland Dept. fuh. 

 Land.s], Rpt. Discfiarf/ed Soldiers' Settlement Aet 1919. pp. 8). — This gives in- 

 formation as to the locality, area, and cost of each block of land acquire<l under 

 the aet; the areas set apart for lease selections; and notes on the condition of 

 all lands taken up under the act. 



-Vgriculture in the Tropics for ex-soldiers, Carmody {United Empire [(It. 

 Brit.], n. .s-er., 10 {1919). No. 8. pp. 31/9-389) .—InfonnatUm is given on agricul- 

 tural conditions in the Tropics and other factors pertinent especially to com- 

 munity settlement. 



