54 EXPERIMENT STATION r.ECORD. [Vol.43 



Xeotoxoptcra viohr and its allies, A. C. Hakkk {/{»/. Ihit. Research. 10 

 (1919), No. 1, pp. V), J/G, pi. 1). — The author's studies have led to the couclu- 

 sion that the aphid N. violw Theob., described in 1915 from violets in Africa, 

 Is an aberrant form of the species described by Pergande in 1900 as Rhopalo- 

 .npliuni viohr. 



A contrilnitioii to the life history of the larch Chermes (Cnaphalodes 

 strobilobiiis Kalt.), K- I^- Si'KYEk {Ann. Appl. Biol., 6 {1019), No. 2-3, pp. 

 171-182, pis. 2, fiy. 1). — This report of studies includes a diagram representing 

 every stage in the life cycle of the larch Chermes. 



Control of spot insects of the mango, G. F. Moznette {Via. Groiver, 21 

 (1920), No. 3, p. 8, flf/s. 3). — Of the several scale insects which attack the 

 mango in Florida the tessellated scale and the mongo shield scale are said 

 to be the most injurious and most generally distributed. As a means of control 

 the author reconmiends either the use of oil emulsions or miscible oil at the 

 rate of 1 : 66, first in Decemljcr when the trees are dormant and again at the 

 strength of 1 : 80 the latter part of March after the fruit has set. In every 

 case where the oil sprays were used, about 90 per cent of the scales was killed 

 and the red spiders were also destroyed. 



Is it safe to fumigate while trees are in bloom? R. S. Woglum (Cal. 

 Citrogr., 5 (1920), No. 6, p. 190, fig. 1). — In experiments conducted in Febru- 

 ary, March, and April, 1908, more than 30 acres of Valencia and navel oranges 

 were fumigated with potassium cyauid, th^ dosages ranging from 75 to a 200 

 per cent schedule. With dosages upwards to schedule 1 no injury resulted, but 

 when a 200 per cent schedule was u.sed many blossom were affected and dropped. 



The author concludes that it is safe to fumigate with ordinary dosages right 

 up to the time the fruit sets, provided the work is conducted according to the 

 rules of careful practice. 



The western wheat-head army worm, M. H. Swenk {Bui. State Ent. 

 Nebr., No. 8 (1918), pp. 4, iig. 1). — This is a brief account of the life history 

 and means of control of {Heliophila, Neleiicania) Meliana alhilinea limitato 

 Smith, which was a source of serious injury to late spring and durum wheat 

 jmd, to a lesser extent, to late oats in Kimball, Cheyenne, and Deuel Counties, 

 Nebr., during September, 1918. It attacked tlie heads, in most cases with one 

 or two worms but in some instances with four or five worms to a head, work- 

 ing from the bottom up, almost entirely consuming the kernels, and frequently 

 completely cutting olf the head. While most of the injury was to standing 

 grain, in several cases the worms continued working on the cut wheat in the 

 shock, cutting off the heads and devouring the grain, and in one instance, at 

 least, they were carried to the bin with the thrashed wheat and continued to 

 \vork upon the grain. 



The injury to wheat began the first week in September in Cheyenne County, 

 and at about the same time injuries to oats and Sudan grass occurred in Deuel 

 County. The injury in Cheyenne County was the more general and severe, 

 in several cases amounting to the destruction of 50 per cent of the wheat in 

 fields pronnsing to run 25 bu. to the acre. In one case 300 acres of spring wheat 

 that would have made at least 15 bu. per acre were a total loss. By the end 

 of the fourth week in September the injuries had ceased over the entire infested 

 area. In several instances on the dry land in the northwestern part of Kim- 

 ball County promising wheat fields were damaged to the extent of 50 to 70 

 per cent. 



The first generation adults emerge from overwintering pupae and deposit 

 their oggs in May in compact rows on gras.ses and grains, the clusters con- 

 taining from 25 to 150. From three to ten days are required for the incuba- 



