1920] ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 51 



24 chapters, of which chapters 2 to 8, inclusive, rehitive to insect studies, ap- 

 peared in volume 1 of Tropical Wild Life in British Guiana, previously noted 

 (E. S. R., 41, p. 546). 



A nutritional study of insects, with special reference to microorganisms 

 and their substrata, J. P. Baumberger {.Jour. Expt. Zool., 28 (1919), No. 1, pp. 

 ISl, figs. 18). — "I have shown by experiments that Drosophila living in fer- 

 menting fruit are dependent for their food supply on the synthetic and ab- 

 sorptive powers of yeast cells. In a similar manner my study of the rela- 

 tion of Mnsca domestica to manure, of Desmometopa to decaying meat, and of 

 Sciara and Tyroglyphus to decaying wood shows clearly that these arthropod.^ 

 also feed on microorganisms. I have also endeavored to account for the origin 

 and development of this habit, to ascertain the probable extent of Its occur- 

 rence, and to consider the known associations of animals with fungi in general. 

 The experiments and considei-ations all tend to establish the principle that 

 insects inhabiting fermenting and decaying substrata of low protein content 

 usually feetl upon the microorganisms present, and thus benefit by the power 

 of the fungi to extract, absorb, and synthesize many nonprotein nitrogenous 

 compounds." 



A bibliography of seven pages is included. 



Report of the entomological department, C. E. Sanborn (Oklahoma Sta. 

 Rpt. 1919, pp. IfO-IfJf). — Honeybee paralysis appeared at the station apiary 

 March 14, at a time when the bees were becoming quite active on plum, apricot, 

 and peach blossoms. The fresh nectar used by the old bees in connection with 

 pollen during cool, damp weather furnished a condition favorable to the de- 

 velopment of the disease. Proper exposure to sunlight and well-drained hive 

 stand locations proved to be the best means of control. 



lieference is made to control work with the four-spotted cowpea weevil 

 (Bruchits qitadrimaculatus), a bulletin relating to which has been previously 

 noted { E. S. R., 42, p. 856) , and to crow-control work, an account of which has also 

 been noted (E. S. R., 42, p. 355). Brief notes relating to the fish moth and 

 the chicken mite are given. 



[Contributions on economic Insects] (Ztschr. Angeiv. Ent., 6 (1919), No. 

 1. pp. 183, i)ls. 2, figs. 32). — Among the papers here presented are the follow- 

 ing: The Granary and Rice Weevils (Calavdra granaria and C. oryza) as 

 Grain Pests, by E. Teichmann and A. Andres (pp. 1-24) ; On the Biology of 

 the ^Mediterranean Flour Moth (Ephostia kuelinieUa) , by F. Burkhardt (pp. 

 25-60) ; Investigations of the Simulidse, by K. Friederichs (pp. 61-83) ; The 

 Temperature of Bees and Their Brood, by Briinnich (pp. 84r-92) ; Weather and 

 the IMosquito Plague: A Biological Study, by Eskstein (pp. 93-l()5) ; a Bibliog- 

 raphy of the Lice (Anoplura) Literature with an Alphabetical and Author 

 Index to Same, together with a Host List, by H. Fahrenholz (pp. 10(5-160) ; 

 and a List of I'ublications upon the Loss of Stock through Attacks by Simulids, 

 by K. Friederichs (pp. 161-167). 



[Entomological work in the Northern Division of Bombay Presidency in 

 1917-18], P. C. Paxil (Bombay Dept. Agr. Ann. Rpt. 1917-18, p. 26).—T\\e 

 cotton bollworm is said to be successfully controlled by growing a few rows 

 of olvra (Hibiscus esculenttis) around cotton as a trap crop, the bollworm show- 

 ing a preference for okra. When attracted to okra it is easily destroyed by 

 removing the affected plant. This remedy is said to have been adopted on the 

 cotton-growing farms and has been recommended to cultivators. 



The cotton w<>oll.y mite also affected the cotton crop on an unusually large 

 scale, but gradually disappeared after the rain recommenced in September. 

 The mango hopper is represented by two species, one of which attacks the 



