1920] METEOEOLOGY. l7 



tion on temperature, precipitation, cloudiness, and wind is given. This shows 

 that the mean annual temperature of the year was 58.1° F., as compared with 

 a mean of 60.6° for 1893-1917. The lowest temperature recorded was —12° 

 January 12, the highest 105° August 4. The precipitation was 40.07 in. as com- 

 pared with the mean of 33.29 in. 



Meteorological data, G. T. McNess (Texas Sta. Bui. 254 {1919), pp. 4-6).— 

 Observations on temperature, precipitation, humidity, evaporation, and wind 

 velocity at the Nacogdoches substation, Texas, during the three years, 1916-18, 

 are recorded. 



The mean monthly temperature for the period was 65.94° F., the highest 

 monthly temperature being 105° in July, 1917, the lowest 1° in January, 1918. 

 The mean monthly humidity was 78.82 per cent ; the average rainfall was 37.69 

 in. (18.15 in. of which fell during the crop-growing season, May-October) ; the 

 average annual evaporation "from a water surface was 46.46 in. The mean 

 temperature of the crop-growing season was 75°. 



" The growing season is comparatively long, and during the past three years 

 the last freezing temperature in the spring occurred on March 18, 1917, and 

 the first freeze in the fall on October 19 of the same year. In comparing the 

 climatic conditions for the three years with the records for the past 20 

 years, we find that the average precipitation was below the normal of 45.69 in. 

 The year 1917, with precipitation of 28.26 in., was the lowest for the 20 years 

 that records have been reported. The precipitation for 1916 and 1918 came 

 within 5 in. of the normal. This average shortage for the period has been 

 the limiting factor in crop yields. 



" The results obtained from the tests conducted with a variety of crops 

 Indicate that the earlier in the season plantings can be made the larger will be 

 the yields." 



Climatology, F. Catrain {Rev. Agr. [Santo Dotnitu/o], 14 (1918), No. 7, pp. 

 217-220; abs. in InternaU. Inst. Agr. [Rome'\, Inteniatl. Rev. Sci. and Pract. 

 Agr., 10 {1919), No. 3, pp. 252, 253). — This article summarizes and discusses 

 eight yeai's' observations at the city of Santo Domingo, on temperature, rain- 

 fall, and humidity, and on this basis attempts to forecast the probable success 

 of various kinds of crops in the different districts of the southern coastal re- 

 gion of the Republic of Santo Domingo. 



[Phenological observations in the British Islands], J. E. Clark and H. B. 

 Adames (Quart. Jour. Roy. Met. Sac. [London], 45 {1919), No. 192, pp. 285-309, 

 figs. 2). — Observations at 110 stations during the year ended November 30, 

 1918, are summarized. 



" The year 1918 exhibited, in the early months, a striking contrast to the per- 

 sistent cold of 1917. Both years gave a most abnormal April cold spell. In 

 1918 this proved disastrous because of the previous forwardness. In 1917 no 

 harm ensued. The mischief showed itself in ruined tree-fruit crops, mainly 

 from direct destruction, but aided further by decreased resistance to aphis and 

 caterpillar attack." 



In discussing this paper, E. Gold brought out the fact that the isotherms 

 and isophenes are far from correspondence, and suggested that possibly sun- 

 shine would provide the clue to the differences. 



Meteorological review, C. Flammarion (Ann. Astron. et Met. [Paris], 56 

 {1920), pp. 307-339, figs. 8). — Observations on pressure, temperature of the air 

 and soil, humidity, precipitation, wind, sunshine, and cloudiness, in the region 

 of Paris, are summarized for 1918 and compared with results of similar ob- 

 servations in previous years. Variations in the weather conditions of different 

 seasons of the year are compared for a long period of years. 



