1920] EXPKRIMKNT STATION IIKCORD. 157 



ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY— ENTOMOLOGY. 



Bordeaux-oil emulsions, J. K. Winston and W. W. yoTHKRS (Fla. Grower, 

 21 {1920), No. 3, p. 9, fig. 1). — This is a brief report of tests in Florida com- 

 menced during tlie early full of 1917 with a view to combining Bonh'aux mixture 

 and oil emulsion. It was found that any dilution of the various oil emulsions 

 combined readily with any strengtli of Bordeaux likely to be used, and that 

 there were no detrimental effects upon either of the constituents. 



Rather thorough trials were made in bearing groves at various points In the 

 State during the scab-spraying seasons of 1918 and 1919. In the course of this 

 work the trees were sprayed at all stages of growth, but no one grove was 

 sprayed more than three times with this combination. Both the cold-stirred 

 and boiled-oil emulsions were used in the tests. Tei?ts were also made in an 

 experimental nursery at Orlando on seedling grapefruit, rough lemon, and sour 

 orange nursery stock. "A part of this nursery was sprayed with 3:4:50 

 Bordeaux mixture and another part with Bordeaux-oil emulsion (3:4:50 Bor- 

 deaux plus 0.5 per cent oil emulsion). The applications were made at weekly 

 Intervals beginning in March and ending in October, 1919. Usually the ordi- 

 nary boiled-oil emulsion was used, but occasionally the proprietary emulsions 

 . . . were substituted. All of these emulsions served equally well." 



All brands of commercial oil emulsions and miscible oils tested and the Gov- 

 ernment formulas for " cold-stirred " and " boiled-oil " emulsions were found 

 to mix readily with Bordeaux mixture. " Bordeaux-oil emulsion settled less 

 rapidly and spread more evenly than plain Bordeaux. Bordeaux-oil emulsion 

 adhered to the sprayed parts as well or better than plain Bordeaux. This 

 combination was successfully made with various types of untreated hard water, 

 shallow well, and lake waters. 



" The presence of the oil neither increased nor decreased the effectivnss of 

 Bordeaux against citrus scab. IMore than 20,000 gal. of this coml)ination was 

 applied on fruit, twigs, and foliage of all commercial varieties, at all stages of 

 growth, including the full-bloom period, during all weather conditions which 

 permit of spraying operations, and no spray injury was observed. Where the 

 bloom spray was applied, oil emulsion was used at the rate of 0.5 per cent 

 oil. It thus appears that oil emulsion combined with Bordeaux mixture has less 

 tendency to injure tender growth than emulsion alone. . . . 



" The results to date of tests with the Bordeaux-oil emulsion mixture have 

 been highly satisfactory, and indicate that it will prove very effective in the 

 control of certain fungus diseases of citrus and that its use is not followed by 

 injury to the trees or fruit or by abnoiTual increase of .scale in.sects." 



An account of work with linseed-oil Bordeaux by Berger has been previously 

 noted (E. S. R., 41, p. 355). 



The influence of temperature and other physical agents on the insecti- 

 cidal power of chloropicrin, G. Bkrtkanu, Bkocq-Roussha.u, and Dassonville 

 {Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. [Paris], 169 {1919), No. 22, pp. 1059-1061).— In the 

 employment of chloropicrin against insects, light and moisture appear to have 

 little influence, but te.mperature is an important factor, the rapidity of its action 

 increasing as the temperature rises. 



Influence of the wind on the movement of insects, W. E. IIurd {U. S. Mo. 

 Weather Rev., 48 {1920), No. 2, pp. 94-98). — This is a comprehensive review of 

 the more important literature relating to the dis.semination of adult and larval 

 Insects by the wind. A list is given of the 23 references to the literature. 



Report of the entomologist, C. P. Gillette {Colorado Sta. Rpt. 1919, pp. 

 22-25). — The work of the year is briefly reported upon. 



