1020J FOODS — HUMAN NUTRITION. 167 



As an (>\aini)l(' of tlic ciuT^y cliaiif^os in (lit' siiinc individual tin- roport is 

 jliven of tlie results ohtaintMl on a ^irl baby from the aw of 10 months to 4 

 years, 3.5 months. Tho total boat production in this subject rose sharply for 

 about 2.25 years, after which it was rea.sonably uniform. The heat produc- 

 tion per kilogram of body weight decreased from 70 calories per kilogram at 

 one year to 44 at the end of the experimental period. The heat production 

 per square meter of body surface decreased during the same period from 

 1.4.")(5 to 1,059 calories, which, it is pointed out, is strikingly at variance with 

 the popular conception of a uniformity iu heat production per square meter 

 of body surface. 



The general results in tlie group metabolism experiments may be summar- 

 ized as follows: With both boys and girls the total caloric output increased 

 with age and with weight. The curves of heat production per kilogram of 

 body weight increased up to 1 year of age, after which there was a gradual 

 decrease with no profound alteration in the metabolism at or about puberty. 

 Similar curves were obtainetl when the lieat production per kilogram of body 

 weight was plottetl against the total weight. Curves of heat production per 

 square meter of surface plotted against age showed wide individual variations, 

 but were characterized by very low values during the first week, a rapid rise 

 at about 1 or 2 years, and then a steady decline to 14 or 15 years. 



I<"'igures for the basal heat production of boys and men per 24 hours i-ef erred 

 to body weight were found to conform closely, A slightly greater break in 

 the continuity of the curve was noted in the comparison of girls and women. 

 A similar comparison of the heat production of boys and girls showed no differ- 

 ence up to about 8 kg., when the curve for boys rose perceptibly above that of 

 girls until it reached 35 kg., after which the curve for girls rose above that 

 for the boys. The curves of heat production per kilogram of body weight 

 referred to total weight showed no sex differences until after about 10 kg. in 

 weight, when the curve for the boys remained above that of the girls up to 31 

 kg. The curves of heat production per square meter of surface referred to 

 weight showed no diffex-ence up to about 8 kg., after which the boys showed 

 a somewhat higher metabolism. For weights above 10 kg. the average differ- 

 ence between the two sexes was about 75 calories per square meter per 24 

 hours. 



In conclusion it is emphasized that these data represent only basal metab- 

 olism, and that the factor of the extra energy needs above the basal minimum 

 in growing children is one of great variability and probably much larger than 

 commonly believed. 



Feeding the baby, A. C. Jensen (Missouri Aqr. Col. Ext. Circ. 73 {1920), 

 pp. 8). — This circular gives simple directions for weaning the well baby and for 

 the proper selection and preparation of foods from the weaning period through 

 the second year. Special emphasis is placetl on the gradual training of the 

 digestive tract to care for new food. 



Nutrition clinics and classes: Their organization and conduct, W. K. P. 

 EMEitsoN (Bo,?/on Med. and Surg. Jour., 181 (lOW), No. 5, pp. 139-1 -'(!).— This 

 Is a brief de.«H'ription of methods of conducting nutrition clinics and classes 

 for malnourished children. 



A graphic method for balancing the Army ration, M. H. Jacobs {MiUinry 

 Surf/.. J,Jf (1919), No. 6, pp. 600-611, figs. 3).— A graphic method for the proper 

 balancing of the diet with respect to protein, fat, and energy content has been 

 devised which is said to offer the advantages of requiring no previous acquain- 

 1anc«' with the use of the terms calorie, protein, etc., of giving quantitative 

 results without calculations, ot furnishing a vivid picture of the nature of each 



