11»20] DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 177 



were kept on 5.4 acres of Sudan grass pasture for three months beginning July 

 10, 1919. Corn, bran, and lin.seeil meal (4:2:1) was fed in proportion to the 

 milk yield. The cows lost only slightly in weight in spite of a dry summer, and 

 produced a total of 12,203 lbs. of milk and 389 lbs. of l)utter fat. In addition 

 7.33 tons of hay were harvested. It is estimated that each acre returned .$73.55 

 above the cost of the grain. 



The growing of forage crops on dairy farms in Denmark, H. Fabeu {Scot. 

 Jour. Agr., S (1920), No. 1, pp. 16-26). — The growing of mangels, swetles, and 

 various grasses and clovers on dairy farms in Denmark is described, and some 

 account given of the work of the experimental stations at Tystofte and else- 

 where in developing strains and studying the feeding values of different crops. 



The dairy situation in Germany, K. Baldbhiston {Hoard's Dairyman, 59 

 (1920), No. 13, pp. 804, 805, 814-816, figs. 6).— The author, who was a member 

 of an American connnittee engaged in relief work in Central Europe, tells of 

 the supply, distribution, and rationing of milk in German cities during the 

 winter of 1919-20, discusses the lack of concentrated feed and the low produc- 

 tion per cow, and notes the substantial character of the initial equipment of 

 creameries and milk plants which enabled them to operate during the war with 

 a minimum replacement of parts. 



The milk and dairies of Saigon, A. Lahille {Bui. Econ. Indochine, n. ser., 

 22 (1919), Xo. 135, pp. 199-228, pis. 10).— The author reports analyses of a 

 large number of samples of milk from individual cows in the neighborhood of 

 Saigon, Cochin China. Native Anamese cows, zebus of the so-called Singapore 

 race, and crossbred cows are included. It is thought that the proportion of 

 lactose is lower than in European milk, and that the butter yield is higher. 

 Lactose is mjted as the most stable constituent, the proportion not varying with 

 the change from the rainy to the dry season. 



The .sanitary aspects of the milk supply of Saigon are also discussed. 



A miniature dairy farm, R. C. Lokimer (Jour. Dept. Agr. Yictoriu, 17 (1919), 

 No. S, pp. 175-177, figs. 3). — An account of a profitable herd of five .Jersey cows 

 In the Rochester irrigation settlement in northern Victoria. 



Jerseys in the drier districts, J. S. McFadzean (Jour. Dept. Agr. Yictorin, 

 17 (1919), No. 2, pp. 87-92, figs. 7). — Two cases are cited of successful long- 

 continued operation of dairy farms with Jersey cattle in the warm and some- 

 wliat arid northeastern section of Victoria. It is predicted that dairying will 

 replace sheep grazing in this district with the advent of more settlers. 



Cooperation and the milk supply of Calcutta: Result of experiments, 

 J. T. Donovan (Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa Coop. Joiir., 5 (1920), No. .'/, pp. ~V/2- 

 262). — The successful formation and operation of local cooperative societies of 

 cowkeepers in 30 villages supplying milk to Calcutta is reported. 



The milk is marketed directly by each society with the assistance of the union 

 of cooperative societies, motor trucks being u.sed for transportation where possi- 

 ble. The cows are milked by agents of the society. The cooperative system 

 eliminates the " goalas " (professional milkers and milk peddlers) who, accord- 

 ing to the author, adulterate the milk with dirty water and carry it in un- 

 washed open cans with a bunch of straw or leaves added to prevent splashing 

 and churning. The cooperatives have effected a marked improvement in the 

 sanitary handling of the milk, and have induced members to increase the 

 amount of milk produced by making the business profitable. 



The first cooperative milk society was formed in 1917. The author believes 

 that the initial prejudice has been overcome, and that in a short time societies 

 will be organized in all the 2,700 villages whose milk is necessary to satisfy the 

 needs of Calcutta. 



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