1920] 



DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 



271 



ston Counties supplying milk to Rochester, (4) the cost of hauling and shipping 

 the luilk, (5) dealer's distribution costs, (G) capital invested by dealers, and 

 (7) sanitary condition of the milk supply and the need of pasteurization. 



A feature of the report on the cost of production studies is the classification 

 of the commodity costs according to the production per cow. These data 

 follow : 



Influence of average milk yield of cons on economy of market milk production 

 (year's averages for the Rochester, N. Y., district.) 



Milk production per 

 cow. 



TM. 

 Under 4,(K)0... 



4,001-5,000 



5,001-6,000 



6,001-7,000 



7,001-8,000 



8,001-9,000 



9,001 and over . 



All cows. 



Num- 

 ber of 

 farms. 



141 



Cows 



per 



farm. 



17.8 

 18.4 

 17.9 

 16.3 

 14.6 

 17.3 

 12.1 



16.4 



Grain con- 

 sumed — 



Per 

 cow. 



Lbs. 

 1,381 

 1,601 

 2,023 

 2.4S0 

 3,250 

 4,342 

 4,245 



2,635 



Per 



100 



lbs. 



lailk. 



Lbs. 

 48.6 

 35. 5 

 37.1 

 38.3 

 43.6 

 52.1 

 43.5 



41.fi 



Silage, etc., 

 consumed — 



Per 

 cow. 



Lbs. 

 5,194 

 7,087 

 11.285 

 11,263 

 10,657 

 12.8S0 

 12,578 



10, 493 



Per 



100 



lbs. 



milk. 



Lbs. 

 182.8 

 151.6 

 207.2 

 174.0 

 143.1 

 154.7 

 1-29.0 



165.7 



Hav, etc., 

 consumed— 



Per 

 cow. 



Lbs. 

 4,7.38 

 4,752 

 3,199 

 3,410 

 4,074 

 3,548 

 3,874 



3,769 



Per 



100 



lbs. 



milk. 



Lbs. 

 166.8 

 101.7 

 58.7 

 52.7 

 54.7 

 42.6 

 39.7 



59.5 



Human 

 labor— 



Per 

 cow. 



Hours 

 170 

 192 

 196 

 213 

 233 

 221 

 266 



211 



Per 



100 



lbs. 



milk. 



Hours. 

 6.0 

 4.1 

 3.6 

 33 

 3.1 

 2.6 

 2.7 



3.3 



Pro- 

 duc- 

 tion 

 cost 

 per 

 100 

 lbs. 



S7.10 

 4.88 

 4.37 

 4.02 

 4.01 

 3.72 

 3.90 



4.20 



The average cost of feed and human labor was $3.57 per 100 lbs. of milk 

 prctduced, and the total gross cost (not including a managerial charge) was 

 $4.09. Milk was sold by producers at an average loss of 84 cts. per hundred- 

 weight. Of the grain fed, 19 per cent was home grown and 17 per cent was 

 brewei'.s' grains. The latter was fed particularly to high-producing cows, and 

 the nece.ssity of hauling it increased the labor cost materially. 



The distribution cost studies were based not only on an examination of 

 dealers' books but also, and chiefly, on reports of trained inspectors, who made 

 time and cost studies of each detail of the business as actually carried out in 

 a number of concerns. The inspectors discovered many unsuspected ineffi- 

 ciencies in the utilization of labor in the operattion of the milk plants, and 

 these inefficiencies were found to be at least as important in increasing dealers' 

 costs as inefficiencies in delivery and the overlap of routes. 



" It is recommended that immediate steps be taken to bring about the 

 centralization of the business of milk distribution in the city of Rochesfer, on 

 the ground that the present competitive system is a menace to the public health 

 because of insufficient sanitary care of the product and because of unneces- 

 sary and excessive expenses." 



The estimation of tlie hygienic quality of milk sent raw to the market, 

 A. GuiTX.\UME and II. Thilo {Bui. Sci. Pharmacol., 26 {1919), Nos. 4, pp. 151- 

 168; 6, pp. 268-21. 't). — The authors describe a scheme of milk control used in 

 Rouen whereby the milk as received is subjected to acidity, reductase, and 

 catalase tests. It is claimed that the milk is graded rapidly and accurately. 



Notes on the methylene blue reductase test, R. B. Texxent {Queensland 

 Agr. Jour., IS {1920), No. 2, pp. 51-54). — The author reviews some of the work 

 of previous investigators on the methylene blue reduction test, and reports sev- 

 eral observations on the rapidity with wliich the dye was decolorized by milks 

 containing different numbers of bacteria. 

 187890°— 20 6 



