1920] FIELD CROPS. 227 



e Nut., 2H {191!)), I, No. 5-6, pp. 205-20!)). — The author has followed up the 

 work iiImivo noted, eniployinj; as a|)i»ropriate material the endnciirp (if the man- 

 darin {('itni.<i nobiUs), suhjeeted to temperatures not i)elow — 5.5° C. (22.1° F.) 

 maintained for nearly 12 hours after having ascertained that death from freez- 

 ing' occurs at — G°. This report gives the results of the first series of studies, 

 in which the changes produced were reversed after immersion in water ahove 0°. 



The present series of studies d»'alt with tissues kept dry or immersed in 

 water or in solutions of mineral salts (sodium chlorid, acid ixitassiuni phos- 

 phate), sugars, alcohols, acids, and alkalis. 



It is stated that cells in the endocarp of the mandarin, suhji'cted to a tem- 

 perature very near freezing, show a progressive augmentation of cellular pei'- 

 meahility (evidenced by a rapid loss of water when kept in a dry space), and 

 an exosmosis of substance from the tissues when immersed in water (favored 

 by some substances which readily penetrate the cell, as glycerin, ethyl alcohol, 

 citric acid). There is also a rapid destruction of sugars, limited only by the 

 supply of substances which may be absorbed and utilized during respiration 

 (glycerin, ethyl alcohol, citric acid), or of such substances as re.'^^train exos- 

 mosis of sugars or of immediate products of re.si)iration. as sodium chlorid, 

 potassium phosphate, citric acid. The sugars (saccharose, glucose) present in 

 the external liquid do not act in this way as they are not absorbed. A rapid 

 aiitodigestlon of protein also )ccurs. 



The developnient of conceptions of pliotosynthesis since Ingen-Housz, 

 H. A. Spoehr {Set. Mo., 9 {1919), No. 1, pp. ,'?2-//()).— The" examples of re.search 

 and deduction as sketched herein are intended to illustrate the complexity of 

 the problem of photosynthesis. 



A plate method for isolating; anaerobes, G. F. Dick {.Jour. Infect. Discdftes. 

 2.i (191S), No. C>. pp. 578-579). — A method of plating anaerobes is described and 

 disrnssi'd as being free from a number of difliculties usually encountered. 



Modifications in the technique of Dick's plate method for isolating' anae- 

 robes, Z. NoRTHRXJP {Jour. Hart., J, {1919), No. 3, pp. 299, 300).— The author de- 

 scribes what are claimed to be desirable modifications in the technique of Dick's 

 method above noted. 



International catalogue of scientific literature. M — Botany {Internatl, 

 Cat. Sci. IJt.. l.'i {1919), pp. V///+7VJ.J). — The present volume consists of sched- 

 ules (revised according to the decisions of the international convention of 1905) 

 and indexes in four languages, an author catalogue, and a subject catalogue. 

 The literature indexed is mainly that of 1914, but incliules also portions of 

 literature of 1901-1913 received too late for inclusion in previous issues (E. S. 

 U., 37, p. G30). 



International catalogue of scientific literature. R — Bacteriology, QR — 

 Serum jdiysiology {Internatl. Vat. Sri. Lit., IS {191S), pp. Vni + .',1.3 + i:iS+ 

 2.i). — This vobnne contains mainly th.e literature of 1913, but as in case of pre- 

 vious i.ssues (E. S. R., 39, p. 190) includes some of earlier date. 



FIELD CROPS. 



Soil and climatic factors in relation to crop production on the Palouse 

 slit loam of Idaho, P. P. Petkr.son {Idaho Stn. Bui. IIS {1919), pp. 19. figs. 

 2). — This bulletin is a report of progress on tests with fertilizers and rotations 

 begun in 1915 on 64 tenth-acre plats. Commercial fertilizers used as a surface 

 dressing on winter wheat only are applied as follows: Nitrate of soda, 200 lbs.; 

 acid phosphate, 100 lbs.; and muriate of potash, 100 lbs. iier acre. Barnyard 

 manure is apjilied at the rate of about 20 loads per acre. The following eight 

 rotations are u.sed : (1) Wheat, oats, and peas; (2) wheat, oat.s, and fallow; 



I 



