354 EXPERIMENT STATIOX rJXORD. [Vol.43 



1919 In which 3 Ihs. of fivshly ground clover were substituted for the ground 

 green beans, about the same results were obtained. Tlie results obtained in 

 the poison bait experiments are sunuuarized in tabular form. 



Papers soakt-d in a solution of 1 gal. of molasses, 2 lbs. of sodium arsenite, 

 and 32 gal. of water, failed to kill the grasslioppers, although they fed upon the 

 papers in large numbers. Where Paris green (with salt) was substituted for 

 the more largely water soluble poison, nearly four times as many grasshoppers 

 were killed as where poison bran mash was used. Later visits to the field 

 showed that the hoppers continued to feed upon the poisoned papers until they 

 were almost entirely consumed. The results of two other tests conducted in 

 the same manner showed a much higher number of grasshoppers killed in parts 

 of the field where the poisoned papers were scattered than in those treated 

 with the poison bran mash. 



In a discussion of this paper which follows (p. 237), J. R. Parker refers 

 to experiments made at the ^Montana Experiment Station with 12 different 

 attractive sulistances in which amyl acetate was found most effective and salt 

 alone practically as good as when both molasses and fruit juices were used. 



A. Gibson reported having obtained results from salt in eastern Canada 

 similar to those in Montana. Salt substituted for the molasses on fruit in the 

 Kansas bait in 1915 reduced the cost from 21 to 7 cents per acre. One of the 

 best formulas used in Canada consisted of 20 lbs. sawdust, 0.5 lb. Paris green, 

 |0.25 lb. salt, and 3 gal. of water. As high as 720 grasshoppers to the square yard 

 have been killed by the use of this mixture. 



Organization for grasshopper control, G. A. Dean and E. G. Kklly (Jour. 

 Econ. Ent., 13 (1920), No. 2, pp. 2.37-242).— This is a report of the work in 

 Kansas. 



The rosy aphis in relation to abnormal apple structures, P. .J. Pabrott, 

 H. E. HoDGKiss, and F. Z. Hartzell (New York State Sta. Tech. Bui. 66 {1919), 

 pp. 3-29, pis. 8, fl(/s. 6). — This is a report of investigations of the influence of 

 Aphis sorM Kalt. on the normal organization of apples, in continuation of re- 

 ports of studies of the effect of its attacks on their development and con- 

 formation pi-eviously noted (E. S. R., 37, p. 561). The results of these 

 studies have been summarized as follows: 



"Apples attacked by the rosy aphis usually display suppression of the trans- 

 verse and axial diameters. Inhibition of growth occurs to a gi'eater extent Avith 

 the transverse diameter. The injury varies in extent, even with fruits of the 

 same cluster, and the amount of damage is largely determined by the earliness 

 and intensity of attacks and the duration of period of infestation. Besides being 

 reduced in size, alfected apjiles are frequently poorly colored and are often not 

 symmetrical in shape, one side being undeveloped, which causes the fruits to 

 present a lopsided appearance. 



" With apples showing extreme contortion one or more carpels on the side 

 of greatest suppression in development frequently lack seeds or contain seeds 

 that are inferior in size and weight to those of complementary cells. Seeds vary 

 in number in normal and aphis-injured apples. Fruits not subjected to attacks 

 by the insect surpass, on an average, aphis apples in number of seeds per 

 apple. Injured apples show greater variability in seed content than do normal 

 fruits. Apples under 30 mm. in transverse diameter are often sterile or have 

 only a small number of seeds. 



"Attacks by the rosy aphis tend to reduce the extent of dropping of fruits 

 which possess empty carpels or have only few seeds. The existence of sterile 

 or few-seeded apples on trees at the period of harvesting has the effect of 

 lowering the mean number of seeds per apple and of increasing the variability 

 of seed content. 



