11)20] EUONOMIC ZOOl.OCV — ENTOMOLOGY. 357 



arc occasionally foiiiul in tlii> Slal«' whtM-c it is gaininu in ^ iiulciicy. Taking 

 tlio State as a wliolo, however, the San Jose problem is not (lecnied nearly 

 so important a factor as it was 30 or even 5 years ago. 



During the season of 1919 spraying tests were conducted in an orchard 

 of mixed jn-ach and api>Ie in northeastern Ohio in which trees averaged ahout 

 8 ft. in height and were hadly infesttnl with scale. In tlu> i)lats in which 

 Scalecide 1:1;"), Key Brand misc-ible oil 1:15, and Grasselli litpiid lime-suliiiinr 

 1:7 were applied, almost i)erfect results were obtained, scarcely a single living 

 scale being found. In plats in which barium sulphur 2.5 lbs. to 12 gal. of water, 

 Niagara soluble sulphur compound, 3.5 lbs. to 15 gal. of water, Sherwin- 

 Williams dry lime-sulphur 5 lbs. to 20 gal., and 5.5 lbs. to 20 gal. water were 

 applietl, liltle, if any dilTercnce in the d(>gree of scale control could be detected. 

 ■While it was possible to tind occasionally a living scale, these materials gave 

 commercial or practical control, since the small number of live scale found 

 at the clo.^e of the breeding season was in no case sudicient to Ije of any material 

 notice, particularly when it is generally conceded that annual spraying shonhl 

 be practiced after an orchard becomes scale infested. In a plat in whicli 

 Derror improved tree fluid, 1 qt. to 25 gal. water was u.sed, considerable 

 quantities of living scale were to be noted at the end of the breeding season. 

 In a plat in which Red Seal lye, 2 lbs. and 9 oz. to 12.5 gal. of water was 

 applied, some scales .«;uccunibed to the treatment but the results were not 

 satisfactory. " Live scale was abundant at the end of summer and the trees 

 presented an unnatural appearance. The bark, while glistening in spots, due 

 to the action of the caustic in removing the lichens and moldy growth, seemed 

 drawn and taut. This material was unpleasant to apply because of its extreme 

 causticity, which alone is almost sufficient reason to bar its use." 



The alfalfa caterpillar, Y. L. AVildekmuth {U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 

 1094 {i'-'-^O), pp. 16, pfis. 14). — The present paper supplements tlie information 

 contained in the bulletin on the life history of this caterpillar previously 

 noted (K. S, K., 32, p. 57). It contains additional information relating to 

 methods of controlling the pest by the management of irrigation water, as 

 well as a brief account of its natural history, and is intended to meet the 

 demands of ranchers and others for assistance in protecting their alfalfa. 



Some features of the codling moth problem in the Ozarks, D. Iski.y and 

 A. J. AcKERMAN {Jour. Evoti. Ent., 13 {1920}, No. 2, pp. 159-166).— Thi^ paper, 

 base«l upon studies conducted at Bentonville, Ark., in 191S and 1919, deals 

 with the abundance, the variations in seasonal history, and the remedial 

 measures Jiecessary, particular attenticm being given to conditions differing 

 from those reported by .Teune for 1907 and 1908 (E. S. R., 21, p. 455). The 

 experimental work in the control of this pest in the Ozarks thus far shows the 

 necessity of making 6 to 7 sjiray applications, depending upon the season, and 

 the desirability of a very fine mist in preference to a coarse spray. 



Some experiences with the codlinja; moth, T. .1. Hkaut.ee {Jour. Econ. Ent., 

 IS {1920), No. 2, pp. 166-113, fi(j-<t. ,?i. — The author here discusses the New 

 Jersey conditions and the control problems. 



The spraying methods based upon studies made under conditions outside this 

 part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain have in most cases proved insufficient to con- 

 trol the codling moth here when it occurs in maximum iiumliers. During the 

 last two years the author has observed that about 9 out of 10 orchardmen in 

 New Jersey fail to obtain a satisfactory control. The investigations of the year 

 show that there are only two broods of codling Tuotli in New Jersey; that the 

 blos.><om fall spray does not appear to have the iireeminent importjince which 

 it has been shown to have in previous studies elsewhere iu the country ; that 



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