IDl'O] HORTICULTURE. 341 



10 lbs. each of nitrate of soda and arid phospliate per tree distributed evenly 

 over the tree squares of ground, without a mulch, 118.1 bbls., or a jrain of 1 bbl. 

 per acre per year for the double quantity or all-over fertilization, as com- 

 pared with the n : 5 and niiiich formula. The costs of the 5 : 5 and mulch formula 

 and the 10:10 all-over ai)i»li<"itions were practically the same. The princiiial 

 benefit from the double application of fertilizer was tlie greatly increased growth 

 of better grasses. 



IMats fertilized with 10 lbs. each of tankage and bone, per tree per year, ap- 

 plied evenly over the tree squares, produced an average of 72.3 bbls. of apples 

 per acre per year. 



Pruning tests in young apple orchards, F. II. Eallott and I. P. Lewis (.Ifo. 

 lUtl. Ohio Std., 5 {lli20), X(j. .?. pp. H5-f)0, fifia. 6). — fJomparative pruning tests 

 were conducted in the Clermont County experiment farm orchard on young trees 

 that had received three seasons' formative pruning, consisting of rather severely 

 cutting back each year's growth of new shoots from one-third to one-half 

 their length. 



The results in general indicate that light pruning, whether during the dormant 

 period or during the early summer, is more conducive to fruit bud formation 

 and fruit production than heavy pruning. Nothing was gained by the supple- 

 mentary practice of summer pinching or clipping of new .shoots. 



Trees that had received no pruning subsequent to the three seasons' formu- 

 lative pruning became a mass of crossed, inward-growing, tangled, crowding 

 branches at seven years of age, but in a number of instances produced more 

 fniit in their seventh year than the trees receiving any kind of pruning. 



Thinning of apples, peaches, and plums, C. W. Ellenwood and P. Thayeb 

 (.Uo. Bui. Ohio Sta., 5 (1920), No. 5, pp. 136-1J,0, figs. 4).— A discussion of thin- 

 ning practices followed in seasons of heavy fruit setting, including a record of 

 a thinning test conducted with Baldwin, Ben Davis, and Oldenburg apples, 

 which is typical of results secured in thinning experiments conducted by the 

 station. 



A test of methods in pruning the Concord grape in the Chautauqua 

 grape belt, F. E. Gladwin {New York ^tnte Sta. Bui. ^6^ (1919), pp. 1S9-21S, 

 pis. 10). — This bulletin presents the results for the first 8 years of an experi- 

 ment started at Fre<lonia, N. Y., in 1911 to determine which of the various 

 methods commonly practiced in pruning are best for the Concord grape in the 

 Cha\itau(iua grape belt. The following methods were tried in the experiment: 

 Single-stem, four-cane KnifTin ; two-stem Kniffin ; umbrella Knilfin ; high re- 

 newal; horizontal arm; Chautauqua; and Munson. 



The data secured during the past 8 years with these methods representing 

 the drooping and upright types of training indicate that increased yields can 

 not be expected by merely changing the method of training. The single-stem 

 Kniffin, the umbrella Knifiin, the Mun.son, and the Chautauqua methods were 

 nbout equally useful so far as yield is concerned for training the Concord. 

 Under existing conditions, the high renewal and the two-stem Kniflln pro- 

 ducfMl less and inferior fruit. Taking into consideration all the advantages 

 and disadvantages of the various methods, togetlier with the data covering 

 the yields, wood pnKluction, and quality of the fruit, the author concludes that 

 the single-stem Knifiin outranke<l any other method for training the Concord 

 In the Chautauqua belt. 



As mea.sure<l by the yield, wood growth, and maturity of the fruit, there 

 appeared to be no preference between early winter pruning and spring pruning. 

 Spring pruning, however, does i)ermit of a better selection of fruit canes after 

 the severe temperatures of winter have passed. 



