19ii0] DISEASES OF PLANTS. 347 



practically a continuous film of tlio sediment ovor the sprayed surface on dry- 

 ing, whereas ordinary linic-sulpliur (when applied to fiooseberries or to certain 

 apple varieties) leaves the deposit in blotches or small patciu's even when 

 carefully applied with a superior form of nozzle. A saponin sohition of the 

 strength indicated above is said to have been i)Ut on the market. 



The usi» of soap to secure tlie nect'ssary .spreadinji has been shown to be 

 precluded ou account of chemical qualities. 



Noxious action of enianation.s [from manufacturing; plants], L. Mangin 

 {Conipt. Rend. Acad. Sci. [/'o/i-s], 168 {1919), Xo. Jf, pp. 193-199, flyn. 2).— An 

 account is given of a study of the effects of emanations (finally synthesizing 

 hydrocidoric acid) fi'om works producing a high explosive in large (luantities 

 during the war. Tliese effects, n^^ shown chiefly in conifers of several kinds, 

 are discussed in relation to the production of injury, abuormality, or death in 

 the plants atVectixl. 



Stinking smut of wheat [in Uruguay] (Defensa Ayr. [Urufjitay] Pub. 11, 

 19 IS, pp. 16, /iyn. 19). — This is a practical discussion of stinking smut (Tilletia 

 sp.) of wheat, of various measures as u.sed locally or recommended for its pre- 

 vention, and of the cost of such preventive measures. 



Take-all, Se[)toria, rust, and wheat mildew. — Practical methods of con- 

 trol, G. L. Sutton (M'est. Au.st. Dcpt. Ayr. Bui. eCr {1920), pp. 27, fiys. 10).— 

 Take-all of wheat, here considered as due to OpIukjIjoIhh yra minis, is said to 

 attack wheat of all ages in patches aggregating in one instance as much as 75 

 per cent of 200 acres. The disease appears chiefly, though not exclusively, on 

 wet, ill-drained lands, being characterized by a brown or dark discoloration of 

 the stem and upper roots. 



Though found in most of the wiieat districts of Australia, it is not yet so 

 important in West-Australia as elsewhere. The spores, which live over in the 

 soil from one season to the next, may be largely destroyed by such a fungicide 

 as copper sulphate wiien small areas are dealt with. Alternate crops named 

 as effective (if the ground is kept clean) are oats, rape, ijeas, and alfalfa. 

 Rotation is advised and outlined. 



Septoria or dry blight {Sej)toria sp.) is described as found on the leaves, 

 stems, chaff, and grain. It first api)eai'ed in West Australia about 11)05. Its 

 appearance depends upon seasonal conditions which influence also, but inde- 

 pendently, the seasonable or unseasonable flowering of the wheat, which should 

 lie planted later to avoid Septoria blight. 



lied rust of wheat {I'uccinia yraminis) has been known in West Australia 

 only during recent years, though recorded for New South Wales as early as 

 182.x It may cause in Australia a loss amounting to £5,000,000 in a single 

 season. Barberry is not found in West Australia, but apparently it is not 

 needed as an alternate host in other parts of Australia over which barberry is 

 uncommon or unknown. The relations locally of conditions and varieties are 

 discussed. 



Asparagus root rot, L. Gabotto {CoUiratore, 6.'f {191K), Xo. .?.T. pp. 7.i5-737, 

 fig. 1). — A root rot of asparagus is associated with a reticulum of fungal 

 hyphiP, referred! to Rliizoctonia violacea. 



Mushroom root rot, H. P. Bvuss {Orrg. Groircr, 1 {1920), No. 11, pp. 2-4, 

 ,fiyx- 3). — The information herein contained, primaril.v intended for com- 

 paratively inexperienced growers, deals with symptom.s, varieties attacked by 

 Arraillaria root rot, and varieties found more or less resistant. 



Disease of Chile pepper {New Mexico l^ta. Rpt. 1910, pp. 1'/, lo). — A progress 

 report is given of the study of the disease of Chile pepi)er, in which it is stated 

 that an organism has been repeatedly isolated and inoculation experiments have 

 shown that the isolated organism is the cause of the wilt disease. The fungus 



I 



