1920] VETi?RINAIlY MEDICINE. 277 



tract. The larvre of Ifainonvhus contort us in}?ested by guinea pigs can be 

 found in tlie lungs 2 days later, indicating the possibility that this species 

 migrates through the lungs before tinally establishing itself in the alimentary 

 tract. Migration of the larvte through the lungs is probably a conunou occur- 

 rence in the life cycle of nematodes whose adult stage occurs in the alimentary 

 tract. 



" Stewart's obsvrvations as to the migration of Ascaris larvie through the 

 lungs IE. S. K., 39, p. 587] have been contirmed, but his suggestion that rats 

 and mice act as intenjiediate hosts is not tenable. IS'o intermediate host is 

 necessary, and human l)eings and pigs become infected with Ascaris as a result 

 of swallowing the eggs of the parasite, and not as a result of swallowing food, 

 water, or other substances that have been contaminated by the feces of rats 

 or ance." 



The present status of the diagnosis and control of glanders, R. Rein- 

 H.\Ri>T (Berlin. Tierdrztl. Wclinschr., So (t'JlO), Nos. 7/6, /;/>. J,53-.'to6 ; Jfl, pp. 

 Ji65-.'iOS). — This is a survey of the progress since 1912 in the diagnosis and 

 control of glanders. The methods discussed include the mallein test with its 

 different methods of application, and the complement fixation, precii)itation, 

 agglutination, coiigldtination, and lipoid fixation blood tests. Of the latter the 

 author recommends the complement fixation test as the most valuable diagnostic 

 method. Progress in clinical and innnunization studies is also discussed briefly. 



A new method for the serological diagnosis of glanders, E. Mkinicke 

 and H. Bley {Berlin. Tierarztl. Wchnschr., 34 (1918), No. 10, pp. 93-95).— The 

 method, known as the lipoid fixation reaction, depends upon the fact that upon 

 the addition of a culture of glanders bacilli to a mixture of the serum of a 

 glandered animal and an alcoholic lipold-containing extract a tiocculent pre- 

 cipitate is formed which is insoluble in salt solution. If normal serum is used 

 or another bacterial antigen, the resulting flocculation readily dissolves in 

 salt solution. The technique of the preparation of the four agents required, 

 the serum, the extract of glanders bacilli, the organ (lipoid) extract, and the 

 standard salt solution are described in detail, as is also the method of appli- 

 cation of the test. For the lipiod extract the author recommends horse hearts, 

 although it is stated that other lipoid-containing organs can also be used. 



A comparison of the results obtained with this test and witli the aggluti- 

 nation and complement fixation test is sununarized as follows: 



(1) Acute glanders: Positive results were obtained in 2.5 cases which also 

 gave strong complement fixation and agglutination tests, in 4 cases which 

 gave strong agglutination but negative complement fixation reaction, and in 4 

 cases with negative agglutination and positive complement fixation reaction. 



(2) Chronic glanders: Sera reacting positively in the agglutination and com- 

 plement fixation tests caused flocculation, the results sometimes being more and 

 sometimes less marked than the other tests. Agglutinating but not comple- 

 ment binding sera gave positive lipoid fixation reactions, while weakly com- 

 plement binding but nonagglutinating sera gave negative lipoid fixation reac- 

 tions. In certain cases in which negative complement fixation and agglutina- 

 tion tests were obtained with positive lipoid fixation, later tests gave positive 

 results for either complement fixation or agglutination. 



(3) Other cases: With foals .suffering from glanders all three reactions were 

 negative. Positive complement and lipoid fixation reactions were obtained 

 with the sera of mules. 



(4) Nonsuspicious sera: In 3 per cent of the sera reacting negatively to the 

 complement fixation and agglutination tests positive results were obtained with 

 the lipoid fixation test. 



