1920] FOODS — HUMAN XITTPITION. 365 



111' ;rtMierati()iis in ii sinjrle season may be less than one under very \infavorable 

 CDndltions. Hibernation takes place in tbe larval stajje witliin tbe infested 

 seed, and tbe first larvae enter biln'rnation as early as Aiij;ust. Diagrams are 

 piven wbicb sln>\v tbe develoiinient of tbe speeii's, and tbe comparative abun- 

 dance of tbe stajies during; tbe different montbs of tbe year. Tbe partbenoge- 

 iietic babit is well establisbed in tbe female of tbis species. 



Tbe practical metbods of controlling Ibe chalcis-tly in tbe alfalfa and clover 

 seed fields are mostly cultural metbods. Infestation and control measures are 

 discussed under beadings of burning over of fence line.s, winter cultivation, 

 irrigation of alfalfa seed tields, cutting early plants on waste areas, careful 

 cutting of hay crops, pasturing before growing seed, allowing the seed crop 

 to stand too long, second crop of seed, and pasturing infested fields. 



lirief notes are given on the parasites which attack tbis species, including 

 Tcirustichuif hnichophufji Gahan, Liodontomerus sccutidus Gahan, Eutclus 

 Iruchaphaoi Gahan, L. perplexus Gahan, Hahrocytus mediscaffinis Gahan, 

 T. rrnustus Gahan, Trimeromicrus macuUitus Gahan, L. insuetus Gahan, and 

 Kupelntus sp. Accounts of the more important parasites by the author have 

 been i)revlously noted (E. S. R., 40, p. 8C2). The larvte of a midge of the 

 genus Lestodiplosis have been found in infested alfalfa seeds, where they had 

 apparently destroyed the larva of B. fiinchris. 



FOODS— HUMAN NUTRITION. 



Nutrition and physical efTlciency, I]. V. McCollum (Jour. Franklin Inat., 

 189 (li>20), Nil. Jf, pp. Jt2l-.i.'f0). — A popular lecture on the connection between 

 tbe dietary habits of a nation or group of people and their physical efficiency 

 and susceptibility to dis<\ise. 



The essentials of chemical physiology, W. D. Hallirubton (London: Long- 

 mans, (hern, d Co., 1919, 10. ed., pp. XI+32J,, pL 1, figs. 7i).— This is the tenth 

 revisefl edition of the work previously noted (E. S. R.. 37, p. 501). 



Food chemistry in 1915 and 1916, J. RtJHi.E (Ztschr. Angew. Chem., 29 

 (1916), Xos. ///. Aiifsat-t., pp. 209-212; 1,3, pp. 213-218'; 30 (1917), Nos. 85, 

 Aufsatzt., pp. 253-258; 87, pp. 261-268; 89, pp. 271, 272; 91, p. ;?80).— These 

 purveys of tbe literature of lOlH and 1916 on food chemistry follow the same 

 general i>lan as tbe survey for 1917 previously noted (E. S. R., 42, p. GaO). 



[Rabbit meat], N. Deakijoun (U. S. Dcpt. Agr., Farmers' Bill. 1090 (1920), 

 pp. 22-27). — Data collected by the Office of Home Economics, State.s Relations 

 Service, as to the comiwsition and digestibility of rabbit meat are reported, 

 together with recipes for its utilization. 



Digestibility of raw corn, potato, and wlieat starches, C. F. Laxgworthy 

 and H. ,1. I>KiKr. (.lour. Hioi. Clicm., J,2 (1920), Xo. /, pp. 27-.'/0).— Digestion ex- 

 lieriments were conducted by the Oflice of Home Economics, States Relations 

 Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, to determine tbe digestibility of 

 corn, potato, and wheat starches when consumed in the raw state. The 

 starches were incorporated in a frozen pudding which was eaten with a basal 

 ration of oranges and sugar. The experimental periods were of 3 days' or 9 

 meals' duration, 3 subjects being used in the corn starch experiments, 4 in the 

 wheat starch, and .5 in a total of 7 potato starch exfieriments. 



The average amount of raw starch eaten per man per day was 241 gm. of 

 cornstarch, 194 of potato starch, and 1S8 of wheat stardi. tbe average energy 

 values for the same period being 2.700, 2,213, and 2.13S calories. res|)ectively. 



The raw corn and wheat starches were eaten with no discomfort ami were 

 completely assimilated, no trace of them being found in the feces. The in- 

 gestion of potato starch, however, resulted in the formation of much gas, with 



I 



