IDL'O] POODS — HUMAN NUTRITION. 46S 



folhtwin^j: the copious injicstion of water. To dcterniine wliother this increase 

 In creatinin was the result of purjiiiij:, digestion experiments on two human 

 subjects were conducted in whicli iiur.i^ation was eflVcted by tlie use of Rochelle 

 salts. This also resulte<l in an increase in the amount of creatinin eliminated. 

 Administration of an alkali which does not Induce purjiation (NaliCOa) caused 

 no appreciable alteration in the creatinin output, while the administration of 

 an acid purjiative (NaH^POJ led (o a slif^ht decrease in creatinin excretion. 



Xew contributions to the knowIe(Ii»e of the residual nitrogen in the 

 blood, criticisnj of methods, and tlieir valin' and use in clinical patholo}>.V, 

 J. Fkigl {Arch. Expt. Path. u. J'harmahol., S3 (1918), .Vo.s. .3-/,, pp. 168-203, 

 257-298; 5-6, pp. 299-365, fifi-'^. 2).— This is a series of studies of the residual 

 nltrojren of blood under the followinj; headiujrs: 



The total nonprotein nitrogen in varying physiological conditions and at 

 different ages (pp. 168-189) ; the structure of the total nonprotein nitrogen 

 with special regard to the urea content under different conditions (pp. 190- 

 203) ; the structui-e of the total nonprotein nitrogen under varying physiological 

 states in i-elation to old age calculated from the ratio of urea to total residual 

 nitrogen (pp. 257-270) ; creatinin, creatin, and uric acid and the participa- 

 tion of these materials in the building up of the residual nitrogen in the 

 blood of fasting subjects (pp. 271-298) ; amino acid nitrogen (pp. 299-316) ; 

 the blood picture of the nonprotein nitrogen under varying •conditions as 

 .shown by the selected analyses for the highest, mean, and lowest results, and 

 the fasting blood of old age (pp. 317-334) ; and a summary of the above studies 

 with practical conclusions (pp. 335-365). 



The COj ordinate of a dock laborer (Tom King) during six days' work 

 (winter hours 7.80 a. ni. to 12; 1 p. m. to 4.30), A. D. Waller (Jour. 

 Phi/sioL, 52 (1918-19), No. 1-6, pp. LIX, LX, fig. i).— The hourly CO2 values 

 are given for the week's work of a dock laborer who was part of the time on 

 piecework and part on miscellaneous time-work. 



Averaging from the last three hours of the two complete piecework days 

 and the same period of the two complete time-work days and allowing 4 cc. 

 per second as the resting CO2, the average values of the net physiological 

 cost were 20.2 cc. of CO2 per second -for piecework and 13.4 cc. for tinif 

 work. At 5.91 calories per cubic centimeter these figures represented ex- 

 penditures of 430 and 284 calories per hour, respectively. 



The physiological cost of tailor's work measured by CO2 and expressed 

 in calories, A. D. Wallkr and G. De Decker (.Jour. Physiol., 53 (1920), No. 5, 

 pp. LXXIII, LXXIV). — Similar measurements to the ones noted above were 

 taken of the CO2 output of tailoi's and tailoresses during their ordinary piece 

 work. The observations were taken every hour upon 4 men and 2 women for 

 17 and 7 complete days, respectively, the men working 10 hours and the women 

 7.5 hours per day. The work consisted of sewing by hand and by machine, aiul 

 pressing by irons weighing 30 and 10 lbs., respectively. 



The average results expressed in calories per square meter per Imur were 

 32.4±1.5 and 3G.G±2.3. These results are compared with those obtained with 

 the dock laborer as noted above. Calculated in the same way the net output 

 of the dock laborer during 2 days of maximal work was at the rate of 170 

 calories per square meter per hour, while the net average cost per man per 

 day for the whole week of mixed work was 2,176 caloi-ies for the dock laborer 

 as compared with the tailors' net average per man per day of S hours of 463 

 calorie.s. 



