i-.'-"J ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 455 



of nialariii eradication in France is connected in lar},'e part with the pro- 

 tection lurnislied by cattle. It appears that domestic cattle play an anti- 

 malarial role of tirst importance, since the j^reat majority of Anopheles feed 

 upon them, and thus lessen accordingly their attack upon man. 



The animals attacked in order of preference are the porcine, bovine and 

 etpiine, jroat and sheej), rabbit, and dog. 



The apple maggot in New York, <J. W. Herrick {Neio York Cornell Sta. 

 Bui. ^02 (1920), pp. 80-101, Jigs. 7). — This insect is widely distribute<l in New 

 York State artd apparently increasing in importance as an injurious pest. 

 The greatest connnercial loss appears to be caused in the Hudson River Valley, 

 in the ("hamplaiii district, and along the eastern end of Lake Ontario. Tiie 

 author has found that the varieties more commonly attacked in New York are 

 Early Harvest, Red Astrachan, Maiden Blush, Primate, Alexander, Pumpkin 

 Sweet, Tolman Sweet, Fameuse, IMcIntosh, Rhode Island Greening, Oldenburg, 

 Northern Spy, Baldwin, and Tompkins King. 



" Experiments begun in this country in 1910 and carried througli subsequent 

 years have shown that the apple maggot can be effectively controlled by spray- 

 ing infested trees with arsenate of lead paste at tlie rate of 5 lbs. to 100 gal. 

 of water. In general two applications should be made, the first during the last 

 days of June or the very first days of .Tuly and the second about two weeks 

 thereafter. The spraying should be done rather thoroughly, although there 

 api»ears to be no need of coating the trees as completely as one would when 

 spraying for the codling moth, for example. The applications can be made more 

 quickly and with less material than in usual spraying operations. All trees 

 on the farm, especially those about the house and barn, should be sprayed to 

 prexent the maggot from breeding undisturbed on such trees. If there is an 

 infested orchai-d near by, the owner should be induced if possible to spray it 

 as a matter of protection. It seems probable from the experience of practical 

 fruit growers that after the maggot has once been brought under control the 

 ordinary codling moth sprays given after the petals fall and again 3 weeks later 

 would suffice to control the flies." 



The melon fly: Its control in Hawaii by a parasite introduced from 

 India, D. T. Fui.i.aw.\y {Haicaii. Forester and Agr., 11 (1920), No. If, pp. 101- 

 lO.J). — This is a brief account of the introduction of the Indjan parasite 

 Opiu-s fteteheri of Baetroeera eiieurhitce into Hawaii id 1915, where at the 

 present time oO per cent of the melon fly infesting fruit is destroyed by it. 



The bean ladybird, F. H. Chittenden and H. O. Marsh (f/. 8. Dept. Ayr. 

 Bui. 8/f3 {1920}, pp. 24, pis. 6, figs. 8). — This is a report of investigations of 

 Epilaelina corrupt a Muls., the life history investigations of which were con- 

 ducted by the late junior author at Rocky Ford, Colo., from 1914-17. Some 

 field operations were also conducted at Pueblo, Fort Collins, and Colorado 

 Springs, Colo., and at Maxwell and French, N. Mex. A Farmers' Bulletin on 

 this insect by the senior author has previously been noted (E. S. R., 42, p. 202), 

 as has also a report of investigations of this pest in New Mexico by Merrill 

 (E. S. R., 37, p. 465). 



The authors find that the life cycle may be passed in the summer from 22 

 to 30 days; the eggs hatch in from 4 to 9 days; the larval period is between 

 15 and 21 days ; and the pupal period varies from 3 to 6 days. Two generations 

 I are produced annually. 



I Insect enemies do not appear to be particularly effective in controlling this 

 i beetle. There are 3 species of ladybird beetle, namely Hippodamia con- 

 j vergens De G., H. 5-signata Kby., and Coccinella transversognttntn Fab., known 

 to destroy the eggs, and next to cold are the most effective known factors in its 

 ! 7622'— 20 5 



