488 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. fVol. 48 



flK' iiuiiciiUncal laborer, personal prospects for the l:ibor<M', iiual liousitig, 

 vdiKatioii, village clubs, and demands for the future. 



The rural problem, Gokbea {Infdnn. Agr. [Madrid], 10 (1920), No.- 209, pp. 

 l-'i). — Grievances of farmers over high railroad freight charges throughout 

 Spain and the deleterious effect of high land and ocean transportation rates 

 on national production are discussed. Resolutions approved by the Farmei"s' 

 Association of Spain are given, favoring tempoi-ary Government supervision 

 and subsidy for existing railroads and the construction of new lines. 



Service rendered by the e.\eciitive committee on national production, 

 J. G. P. Lima (Servicos Prestados pela Deletjacjao Executiva da I'roduccda 

 Nacional. Rio de Janeiro: Min. Agr., Indus., e Com. [Brasil], 1918, pp. 58). — 

 This report gives an account of the work of the executive committee on national 

 production in Brazil from January to November, 1918, including distribution of 

 agricultural seeds, fertilizers, insecticides and machinery, publication and dis- 

 tribution of agricultural propaganda, the work of traveling teachers, and 

 setting a minimum price on wheat. 



Agriculture and cooperation, J. Mathai {Bengal, Bihar, and Orism Coop. 

 Jour., 5 (1920), No. 5, pp. 326-331). — This paper notes briefly a conference be- 

 tween the agricultural and cooperative departments of the Government in 

 India in 1917 relative to the improvement of agriculture by the coordination 

 of the functions of the two. Attention is directed to the advanages of joint 

 purchase and sale, noncredit cooperation, improvement of transportation facili- 

 ties, and the making of local cooperative unions natural self-governing units im 

 tlie cooperative system of India. 



Report of the Irisli Agricultural Organization Society, Ltd. (Rpt. Irish 

 Agr. Organ. Soc, 1919, pp. 127). — This report continues essentially information 

 previously noted (E. S. R., 41, p. 491). 



The flax industry of Russia and tlie Central Association of Flax Grow- 

 ers, G. A. Maktiushin (Netv York: The Amer. Com. of Ilitssian Cooperative 

 Unions, 1919, pp. 22, pi. 1, figs. 9). — This pamphlet is intended as a means of 

 making available information as to the present situation of the flax industry 

 in RussiH, including the effect of the political situation upon cooperative pro- 

 duction. 



The farmers' purchase power, how organized, J. M. Mehl (U. S. Dept. 

 Agr. Yearbook 1919, pp. 381-390, fig. 1). — This is a discussion of the organiza- 

 tion and control of the farmers" purchasing power through cooperative buying 

 of fai'm supplies for which warehousing, sales, and unnecessary service expenses 

 can be eliminated and purchases standard! ;ced. Incorporated associations and 

 unincorporated buying clubs are outlined, together with a plan of operation 

 covering capital requirements and method of conduct. A combination order 

 and payment form is suggested. 



Collective bargaining in agricuiture, .1. E. BoYi.t (Amer. Assoc. Agr. Leg. 

 Bui. 6 (1920), 'pp. 35-51). — These pages embody the author's paper and an 

 ensuing discussion of it. The author notes some manifestations of the prin- 

 ciple of collective bargaining in tlie field of organized labor. Regarding this 

 from the agricultural point of view, he differentiates between cooperative buy- 

 ing and collective bargaining. Collective bargaining in agriculture is defined 

 as an agreement by a group of farmers concerning the .selling price of a prod- 

 uct, the supply of which they produce and control. The development of this 

 theory in the farmer's consciousness is attributed to the instinct for a voice in 

 the control of economic conditions, complaint against price fluctuation and 

 speculation, and desire for certainty of profits. 



Certain limitations and dangers, as for example, limitation of output, and 

 two instances of tlie exercise of the principle in the sale of certified seed com 



