1920) 



DAIRY FARMING — DAIRYING. 



679 



Miscellaneous expenditures and amounts of feed and labor required for milk 



production in Indiana. 



I Excluding changes in inventory values of cows. 



The figures for bedding and piL-^ture costs and the credits given in the table 

 are the averages of tlie two years as reported by the authors, and were computed 

 to provide more direct comparison with the North Carolina data. The bedding 

 charges apply exclusively to the winter season and the pasture charges to the 

 summer. 



On a year basis the percentage distribution of the Items in the gi'oss 

 cost was as follows: Feed 49.4, pasture 8.2, labor 19.5, miscellaneous 21.6, and 

 depreciation on cows 1.3. No charge was made for managerial ability. The 

 allowance for calves was 6.8, and for manure 15.5 per cent of the gross co.st 

 plus depreciation. In the winters 80 per cent, and in the summers 76.5 per 

 cent of the labor was used for production of milk, as distinct from handling 

 and hauling. Women and children performed 15 per cent of the total labor 

 in the winter, and over 19 per cent in the summer. 



The production of clean milk and cream for industrial purposes, J. 

 PosTMA (Lolcta, Calif.: Author, 1P20, pp. 55, figs. 9). — This booklet is designed as 

 a nontechnical guide for dairymen and milkers in the production of clean milk 

 and cream. It emphasizes particularly the necessity of a high grade of raw 

 product in dairy manufacturing, and gives directions for the proper use and 

 care of appliances on the farm. 



Milking machines: V, The production of high grade milk with milking 

 machines under farm conditions, J. ^V. Bright {New York State Sta. Bui. 

 472 (1920), pp. 27, pis. 4, figs. 6). — The author describes the degree of success 

 attained witli milking machines on three farms furnishing milk to Geneva, 

 the city's milk supply being under the control of the station staff. Milk from 

 two of the farms was unsatisfactory from a sanitary standpoint, and visits to 

 the farms revealed in one case, imperfect cleaning of the metal parts of the 

 milker, and In the other, poor sterilization of the teat cups and rubber parts, 

 and Inadequate cooling of the milk. When these faults were corrected a 

 good grade of milk was produced. On the third farm the dairyman, upon 

 installing a machine, adni)ted the station's cleaning methods to his own condi- 

 tions so successfully that he has maintained an almost perfect record for 

 producing milk of low germ content. 



Tlie previous studies in this .series have been noted (E. S. II., 41, p. 277). 



Observations on milking machine, M. J. Thompson [Minnesota Sta. Rpt., 

 Duluth Substa., 191S-19, p. 25). — Records are cited showing increased yields of 

 milk after the installation of a milking machine at the Duluth Substation. 



The straining cloth and bacterial contamination of milk, K. K. Ashwokth 

 and W. F. Landon {Milk Dealer, 9 (1920), A'o. 7, p. 50).— Cloths in use for 



