688 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol. 4S 



calves and heifers as well as for older cattle that have been previously vacci- 

 nated. The best results are obtained by yearly vaccination of calves, heifers, 

 and previously vaccinated cattle. Following vaccination the animals should be 

 kept in their stall for 20 days and given easily digestible feed. 



Syngamus laryngeus in cattle and buflfaloes in India, A. L. Sheathee and 

 A. W. Shilston {Agr. Research Inst. Pusa Bui. 92 {1920), pp. [2] +8, pis. 8).— 

 This paper is based upon the examination of 100 individuals obtained from 

 nearly 200 buffaloes, 100 plains cattle, and 500 hill bulls. Parasites were found 

 in about 13 per cent of the buffaloes and hill bulls and about 15 per cent of the 

 plains cattle. 



Abortion and wasting disease in goats, I. F. Huddleson {Michigan Sta. 

 Quart. Bui., 2 {1920), No. 4, pp. 169, 170). — An affection enzootic in Angora 

 goats in the northern part of Michigan was recently brought to the station's 

 attention. The disease appears to manifest itself by two separate and distinct 

 symptoms, the casting of the developing kid prematurely and a wasting which 

 always terminates fatally. 



A flock of goats, 169 in number, which had been shipped from the southwestern 

 part of the United States arrived in Michigan in the month of November in a 

 partly starved condition. Although placed on a well-balanced ration, the cast- 

 ing of the young prematurely began soon after their arrival, at the rate of one 

 to four a day for the flock. Examinations were made of several fetuses for the 

 presence of the abortion bacillus with negative results. It is thought possible 

 that the change in climate may be a causative factor. The wasting disease is 

 thought to be takosis, caused by Micrococcus caprinus. 



Hog lice and hog mange: Methods of control and eradication, M. Imes 

 {U. 8. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 1085 {1920), pp. 28, figs. 12). — Popular accounts 

 are given of the hog louse {Hmnatopinus suis) and the mange mites {Sarcoptes 

 scabiei suis and Demodex folliculorum suis) and means fop^ their control. 

 Plans for the construction of hog wallows and dipping plants are included. 



Pseudomonas pyocyaneus as a factor in pneumonia of swine, R. R. Birch 

 and J. W. Bennek {Cornell Vet., 10 {1920), No. 3, pp. 176-189).— The author 

 reports upon investigations of an outbreak of swine pneumonia in which Bacillus 

 pyocyanenK played an active part, especially in the latter stages. Fifteen cases 

 are reported upon. Necrotic areas were found in the lungs of all the cases which 

 died with pneumonia in this outbreak, and B. pyocyaneus was found in large 

 numbers in these areas and in the tissues around them. This was also the 

 case in numerous hog lungs received from various parts of the State for diag- 

 nosis. 



" We have seen this form of pneumonia affecting young and old hogs, hog 

 cholera susceptibles, immunes, and hyperimmunes. The disense may develop 

 slowly or quickly. Cough, dyspnea, and thumping are prominent symptoms. 

 Hyperimmunization seems to be a predisposing cause, as does a dusty earth 

 floor. The disease traveled slowly but persistently, and was controlled effectively 

 by isolating the sick and by placing the well animals on disinfected and damp- 

 ened concrete floors, thus protecting them almost entirely from dust. 



" Experimentally the disease could not be produced in healthy animals in 

 typical form.- either by feeding, inhalation, or subcutaneous or intravenous 

 injections, nor did healthy animals penned with the sick in quarters free from 

 dust contract it. Some primary devitalizing influence seems to be a prerequi- 

 site. Salt solution suspension of B. pyocyaneus grown on slant agar, injected 

 intravenously in large doses (20 cc), later in smaller doses (3 cc.) to young 

 shoats, produced immediate distress, from which the animals rallied temporarily 

 only to die of septicemia a few hours later. Still smaller doses (0.5, 1, and 2 

 cc.) produced a slight temporary distress followed usually by recovery, but in 



