lf'20] ' ANIMAL PEODUCTION". 573 



Lot 2 prodiiood the heaviest pigs and lot 4 the lightest in the first experiment, 

 and lot 4 tlie lieavlest and lot 1 the lightest in the second experiment. 



Swine feeding experiments with oil cakes and other feeding stuffs, 

 MOllilk (Ztschr. Landw. Kanimer Braunschweig, 89 (1920), No. 3, pp. 33, 34; 

 also in Detit. Landw. Tierzucht, 24 (1920), No. 11, pp. 173, 174).— Ten lots of 

 four oO-kg. hogs were fed for one or two 4-week periods. Six lots received rye 

 bran and an oil cake meal (1:2), 3 lots a tish meal as 20 per cent of the con- 

 centrate ration, and the remaining lot a connnercial hog feed. The daily con- 

 centrate ration was 1.5 kg. per head, and all hogs had free access to fre.sh 

 mangels. 



The lot fed codlish meal and corn feed meal made a total gain of 910 kg. in 

 8 weeks. The lot fed herring meal and rye bran gained 844 kg. and that fed 

 codfish meal and rye bran 665 kg. These were the best gains. The gains in 

 the 4 cake-fed lots that were continued 8 weeks varied from 035 to 422 kg., with 

 rape seed oil meal producing tlie most and peanut oil meal the least gains, while 

 palm kernel oil cake (coarsely ground) and coconut oil meal were intermediate 

 in value. Lots fed corn oil meal and ground soy beans were continued only 4 

 weeks. In this period the latter feed produced nearly the same gain as rape 

 seed cake, while the former i)ruduced only 247 kg., whicli was the same as the 

 palm nut meal. 



American mules as substitutes for draft horses and work oxen (Nadir, 

 Dcut. Landw. Gescll. Ostcrr., n. ser., 4 (1920), No. 1, pp. 7, 8). — This is an 

 editorial discussion advocating the imjjortation of mules from the United States 

 to be used as work animals on farms in German Austria and Czecho-Slovakia. 

 It is stated that practically all the horses and oxen have been salughtered for 

 food, and that nearby countries have no work horses for export. 



The hardiness and longevity of mules and their economical use of feed are 

 emphasized. 



Utilize the mule for farm work, H. Cirotteau (Vie Campagnc, 16 (1919), 

 No. 197, p. 275). — The author suggests the use of mules instead of horses as 

 work oxen (in French farms. 



The study of some feed mixtures with reference to their potential acid- 

 ity and their potential alkalinity, I, B. F. Kaupp and J. E. Ivey (Jour. Amcr. 

 Aitaoc. Instr. and Invest. I'ouUry Hush., 6 (1920), No. 6, pp. 57-60, 62, 6'3).— The 

 authors extend the table of mineral analyses of poultry feeds given in a previ- 

 ous paper from the North Carolina Experiment Station (E. S. R., 39, p. 577), 

 note the potential acidity or alkalinity of 34 feeds, and report some feeding 

 experiments. 



All the cental products examined (except wheat middlings) were potentially 

 acid, while legume feeds, green feeds, animal products (except whole eggs), and 

 dried fish), limestone grit, and oyster shell were alkaline. 



In the feeding experiments llie scratch feed consisting of corn and oats was 

 acid in reaction, while the mash compound of middlings, corn meal, oats, and 

 a protein supplement was alkaline. The protein supplements tested wer« butter- 

 milks, nieat-and-bone meal, tankage, blood meal, soy-bean oil meal, and peanut 

 feed. A table gives the relative amounts of grain and mash consumed by each 

 of the six lots of chicks in the first three S-week periods after hatching, the 

 protein calories in the feed, the relative growth attained in each period, and 

 the amount of feed required per unit of gain. No marked dift'erences in growth- 

 producing capacity are evident between acid and base rations, although it is 

 not certain that any of the rations were markedly acid, since no record was 

 kept of the consumption of grit. The chicks were Single Comb White Leg- 

 horns, and the ones fed animal by-products began to lay toward the end of the 

 third period. Relatively more mash was consumed as laying began. 



