1920] FOODS — HUMAN" NUTEITIOIT. 763 



supplemented with a lilu'ral amount of sirup niarlo from refined su{,'ar. Eight 

 colonies on such stores that were wintered outside, packed in planer shav- 

 ings in two cases, taking four colonies each, standing in the sheltered apiary, 

 wintered somewhat better than four colonies on similar stores in the cellar. 

 "In one of the cases, which had from 5 to G in. of side packing, the bees win- 

 tered no better than in the otlier which had only 2.5 to 3 in., and the loss 

 of weight of the outside wintered bees between October 11. 191S, and April 

 23, 1919, was slightly less (average loss 24 lbs.) than that of the colonies win- 

 tered in the cellar (average loss 27.5 lbs.)." 



At the experimental station at Cap Rouge, Que., where a comparison was 

 made by G. H. Langelier of different stores for wintering, it was found that 

 bees fed early-gathered honey lost 22 lbs., those fed early-gathered honey and 

 sugar sirup lost 18 lbs., and those fed only sugar sirup lost 11 lbs. There was 

 but little (litTerence in the condition of the l)ees apparent in the spring. 



Beekeeping in Arkansas, W. J. Baerg {Arkansas Sta. Bid. 170 (1920), pp. 

 3-32, flgs. If). — This is a popular summary of information on beekeeping, par- 

 ticulary as applied to conditions in Arkansas. 



Solenopsis niolesta Say (Hym.) : A biological study, W. P. Hayes (Kan- 

 sas Sta. Tech. Bui. 7 (1920), pp. 3-55, figs. 11).— The destruction of thousands 

 of acres of planted .seed, principally kafir, in eastern and south central Kan- 

 •sas during the past six or seven years by this ant has led to the investigation 

 here reported, a preliminary account of which has been noted (E. S. R., 35, 

 p. 662). It has caused this destruction of planted sorghum seed by eating into 

 the seed, undoubtedly for the purpose of extracting the oils. 



" The synonymy and taxonomy of the species have been greatly confused. 

 All American citations to S. fugax, S. debilis, and Myrmica niolesta refer to 

 S. niolesta Say. The species is not only of economic importance as a field pest 

 but is well known in some regions as a household pest. It is widely distrib- 

 uted over the United States. Rearing methods are dilTicult. In general, tlie life 

 history is much the same as otlier ants. The minimum length of the egg, larval, 

 semipupal, and pupal stages was found to be 16, 21, 2, and 13 days, respectively, 

 or a total minimum time for development of 52 days. The data thus far show 

 four general methods of procedure to control the ant in fields where damage 

 to sorghums is being done; namely, fall plowing, early planting (before May 

 10), surface planting, and tlie use of repellents on the seed. The first three 

 are consistent with good farming methods. As yet no satisfactory repellent 

 has been found. T-hose which are of such a character as to be wholly repel- 

 lent are detrimental to the germination of the seed, and vice versa." 



A bibliography of 79 titles is included. 



FOODS— HUMAN NUTRITION. 



Studies in nutrition. — IV, The nutritive value of peanut flour as a sup- 

 plement to wheat flour, C. O. .Johns and A. .T. Finks (Jour. Biol. Chciu., 42 

 (1920), No. S, pp. 569-579, figs. 6). — In this paper, which continues the series 

 previously noted (E. S. R., 42, p. 756), the results are reported of an investiga- 

 tion of the value of peanut Hour as a supplement to wheat flour. 



Rats were fed diets composed of 80 parts of dried bread, 16 parts of butter 

 fat, and 4 parts of salt mixture. The varieties of bread tested included one 

 made from so-called " war flour " of 74 per cent extraction, one from a spe- 



I daily prepared " straight " flour, one from 75 parts wheat flour and 25 part.s 

 peanut flou', and one from 85 parts wheat flour and 15 parts peanut fl.tur. 



