19201 VETERINARY MEDICINE. 883 



present commercial heraorrhaRie septicemia vaccines have no antigenic value 

 as expressed liy actual resistiince to li. bipolaris infection. 



The classification of the piroplasms, P. J. uv Toit {Arch. Protintenk., S9 

 (J!>18), No. 1, pp. iS.'f-i04, fiys- JO). — This pajjcr on the classilication of the piro- 

 plasms includes a blblio^^raphy of 62 titles. 



The piroplasnia affecting bovines and their intermediate hosts, E. 

 P.i:uMPT (/{III. Soc. Path. Exot., 13 {1920), No. 6, pp. Jfl6-J,G0. fifiH. 12).— In this 

 report the author deals with Piroplasmn bori.'< (Babes, 18S8 pro parte); P. 

 (irficntinum (Lijinieres, 1901); P. higeminum (Smith and Kilborne, ISn.3), in- 

 < ludins the piroplasm of spleen rupture; Theilcrin parva (Theiler, 19(J4) ; T. 

 iinttann (Theiler, 1906) ; Anaplasma marginale (Theiler, 1910) ; .1. centrale 

 (Theiler, 1911); and A. arficntinum (Liffui^res, 1914). In a first appendix, 

 two piroplasms rare or of which the pathogenic rule has not been determined. 

 ■ ire considered, namely. P. hudsonhiK bovis (Bowhill, 1908) and Achrotnaticu.s 

 nuirfiei (C. Franga, 1918). The jaundice of bovines in Africa is considered in 

 a second appendix. 



The protozoal parasites of the rat, with special reference to the rat as a 

 natural reservoir of Spirocha^ta icteroha?niorrhagije, A. G. R. Foui.ertox 

 i.four. Path, and Bart.. 23 {1919}, No. 1, pp. 78-103, pis. 2).— This paper deals 

 with the occurrence of Trypanosoma leuisi, S. icteroh^morrha giw Inada {Lepto- 

 siiirh icterohwmorrhagio' Noguchi), S. mor.tus nniris Futaki, and S. herbdomadis 

 Mo et al. A list of 6") references to literature is included. 



Relationship of insects to parasitic diseases in stock, G. F. Hill {Proc. 

 Roy. Soc. Victoria, n. ser., 31 {1918), No. 1, pp. 11-101, pis. 7). — This paper con- 

 sists of two parts: 



I. The life hi.story of Habro-ncma musccc, H. microstoma, and H. mega.^toma 

 (pp. 11-76). — In investigations conducted in Australia, the author confirms 

 the results obtained in studies of the life history of H. muscce by Ransom 

 IK. S. R., 29. p. 82) and reports upon the life cycle of H. m.icrostoma and of 

 //. mcgastoina, which he has worked out. The eggs of H. megastoma gain 

 entrance to the horse's stomach from the tumors produced by it. and in the 

 voided feces for a period of at least 15 days the embryos, after a slight amount 

 of development, enter the larva; of the house fly. They continue to develop in 

 the pupae and adult of the house fly. The life cycle is completed upon the 

 entrance of the infested fly into the horse's stomach by ingestion in feed or 

 water. "The experiments show that (1) Musca domcstica is an intermediary 

 liost of H. megastoma, and (2) all the available evidence is against Stomoxys 

 ciUitrans acting, even accidentally, in such capacity." 



The life cycle of E. microstoma is similar to H. megastoma, except that the 

 stable fly is the principal intermediate host. " The experiments show un- 

 doubtedly that while H. muscce only occurs in M. domestica, even when S. 

 calcitrans is in the presence of an intense infection, H. mici'ostojna occurs 

 almost entirely in S. calcitrans but also rarely in M. domestica." No evidence 

 was found that the Habronema larvae ever occur in the blood stream. It is 

 pointed out that in Australia these species are important nematodes of the 

 horse's stomach, H. megastoma causing splenic and stomach abscesses, and 

 there is reason to believe that under certain conditions the mortality caused in 

 stock is considerable. 



II. Certain points in the life history of Melophagus ovinus Linn., the sheep 

 louse fly, or "sheep tick" (pp. 77-107). — This is a report of biological studies. 

 Studies of this parasite by Swingle at the Wyoming Experiment Station have 

 been previously noted (E. S. R., 29, p. 756). 



An intestinal parasite affecting cattle in Fiji, W. Rainet {Fiji Dcpt. Agr. 

 Circ., 1 {1920), No. 1, pp. -J, 5). — The author reports the occurrence of CEsopha- 





